S Ganguly
Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Workshop on ‘Transportation of OIL & GAS through Pipelines’
June 15-18, 2011
Presentation Structure

India : Energy scene

Growth of Pipelines in India

Advantages of Pipeline Transportation

Pipelines Infrastructure in India

Mode wise transportation

Gas Pipelines in India

Future outlook: Pipelines in India
PIPELINES- AN OVERVIEW
Oil Industry in India
IOCL- An Overview
India : Energy Scene
MMTOE
Primary energy Consumption-Global
India at 433 MMTOE is the 5th largest consumer of Primary Energy
Source: BP Statistical review 2009
India’s Energy Basket 2009
World
World Energy Consumption 11299 MMTOE
India Energy Consumption 433 MMTOE
Source: BP Statistical review 2009
MMTOE
Country Wise Oil Consumption
India 4th largest consumer of Oil
Oil Consumption in India increased at CAGR of 4% (1998-2008) against World CAGR of 1.4%
As on March 2008 Source: BP Statistical review 2009
Oil Balance
Brazil
Russian
Fed.
India
China
US
1%
5.6%
0.4%
1.1%
2.1%
Production as % of
total world
2.6%
12.9%
0.9%
4.9%
8.5%
Consumption as %
of total world
3.2%
3.2%
3.8%
10.4%
21.7%
Import
dependence 2009
19%
----
76%
53%
61%
----
93%
90%
58%
Attributes
Reserves as % of
total world
Projected Import
dependence 2035
India – placed most vulnerably among basic countries
Import dependency expected to rise
beyond 90% levels
7
Source: WEO, 2010
Indian Domestic Consumption Scenario: 2010-11
195883
212870
144350
56,348
16987
Total Production
(TMT)
Imported product
(TMT)
Production + Import
(TMT)
Exported product
(TMT)
Domestic
Consumption (TMT)
Source: Petroleum & Planning Analysis Cell
Refining scenario in India in 2010-11:
Processing of Imported Vs. Indigenous crude
Installed Refining Capacity (as on 31.3.11): 193398 TMTPA
33381
163132
Imported Crude-Refined (TMT)
Indigenous Crude-Refined (TMT)
Source: Petroleum & Planning Analysis Cell
Energy Outlook
For India, Sourcing & Positioning of Energy remains a challenge ........

With 16% of Global Population

0.4% of World’s Petroleum Reserve

10% of World’s Coal Reserves

8-10% GDP Growth Target

4-4.5% CAGR in energy demand
Growth of Pipelines
in India.
Growth of Pipelines in India
The first crude oil pipeline in India was laid from Digboi oil fields to
Digboi refinery.
During 1960-63, Oil India Limited laid the first trunk crude oil
pipeline, 1156 km long from Naharkatiya and Moran oil fields to the
refineries at Guwahati and Barauni.
The first cross country product pipeline was laid during 1962-64 to
transport products from Guwahati Refinery to Siliguri.
Realizing unique advantages of oil transportation through pipelines
a number of product and crude oil pipelines were laid in the 60’s,
70’s and 80’s, including sub-sea crude oil pipelines
Growth of Pipelines in India
The pipelines laid during the 60’s were designed, engineered and
constructed by foreign companies. However, the exposure to this
technology enabled Indian engineers to gain confidence, and the
pipelines which came up later, were designed and constructed with
indigenous expertise.
India today has over 33,000 km of major crude oil, product and Gas
pipelines out of which IOCL owns & operates about 11,000 km of
Pipelines.
Pipeline Transportation of Liquid Petroleum:
Present scenario in India
Oil Industry in India has now almost 5 decades of experience in
transportation of crude oil and finished petroleum products
The crude oil pipelines transport waxy indigenous crude as well as
low sulphur & high sulphur imported crude
The finished product pipelines transport HSD, MS, SKO, Naphtha, ATF,
LPG etc. in multi-product / dedicated pipelines
Product Pipelines in India
Growth of Pipeline Length
Length ( KM)
14000
13459
12000
9554
10000
7120
8000
6282
KM 6000
4000
2000
2061
2824 2985
3803 3903
510
0
1965 1975 1985 1995 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011
YEAR
Product Pipelines in India
Growth of Pipeline Capacity
80
Capacity(MMT)
76.23
70
62.59
60
61.72
54.99
50
33.99
40
MMT
26.49
30
20
11.02
15.31
10 1.82 7.32
0
1965 1975 1985 1995 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2011
YEAR
Advantages
of
Pipeline Transportation
Advantages of Pipeline Transportation
 Lower cost of transportation
 Lower transit losses
 Lower energy intensiveness
 Economies of scale
 Safety and Reliability - minimum disruptions
 Environment-friendliness
 Multi-product handling
Advantages of Pipeline Transportation
 Flexibility
 Stationary carrier
 Augmentation at low cost
 Minimal land costs
 Decongestion of surface transport systems
Pipelines are the best suited mode for
transportation of large volumes of petroleum
over long leads.
Typical Advantages of Pipelines
Lower cost of
transportation
about 30-50% of
the railway
freight and 4 to 5
times cheaper
than road
transportation
Lower transit
losses
PL- 0.05% Max.,
Railway- 0.25%,
Road- 0.5%
Energy efficient
Railway mode
consumes 3-4
times and
road mode
about 20 times
more energy
than Pipeline
mode
Safety and
Reliability
minimum
disruptions
Environment
friendly
3-4 times
lesser Carbon
emissions than
Railway mode
Pipeline Infrastructure in India
(Crude & Petroleum Products)
Existing Liquid Pipelines: Industry
As on 01.3.2011
IOCL
BPCL#
HPCL##
GAIL
OIL
ONGC
Cairn
Total
Industry
###
Length (Kms.)
Product
6401
1939
2774
1691
654
-
-
13459
Crude
Oil
4366
935
-
-
1193
676
667
7837
Total 10767
2874
2774
676
667
21296
1691 1847.3
Capacity (MMTPA)
Product 34.86
10.35
25.72
3.6
1.70
-
-
76.23
Crude 40.40
Oil
6.0
-
-
8.40
43.84
7.5
106.1
Total 75.26
16.35
25.72
3.6
10.1
43.84
7.5
182.4
#Includes
Petronet Cochin-Coimbatore-Karur Product pipeline
Petronet Mangalore-Hassan-Bangalore Product Pipeline
### Source: PPAC
##Includes
IOCL’s Existing
Liquid Pipeline Network
Jalandhar
Bhatinda
Sangrur
Panipat
Ambala
Roorkee
Najibabad
Meerut
Tinsukia
Rewari Delhi
Mathura
Sanganer
Tundla
Ajmer
Bongaigaon
Digboi
Chaksu Bharatpur
Lucknow
Jodhpur
Siliguri
Guwahati
Barauni
Kanpur
Kot
Chittaurgarh
Sidhpur
Ahmedabad
Rajbandh
Mundra
Navagam
Kandla
Mourigram
Ratlam
Koyali
Vadinar
Dahej
Haldia
Hazira
Paradip
As on 01.03.2011
Pipeline
Product
Crude
Total
Length
(km)
6401
4366
10767
Capacity
(MMTPA)
34.86
40.40
75.26
Bangalor
BangaloreeAFS
Sankari
Chennai
Chennai AFS
Asanur
CBR
Trichy
Madurai
LEGEND
Product
Crude Oil
Gas
Refinery
BPCL’s
Existing Liquid Pipeline Network
Jalandhar
Ambala
Bhatinda
Panipat
Sanganer
Jodhpur
Sidhpur
Tinsukia
Delhi Bijwasan
Piyala
Bharatpur
Lucknow
Barauni
Kanpur
Kota
Bongaigaon
Siliguri
Guwahati
Digboi
Bina
Koyali
Indore
Haldia
Dahej
Manmad
Paradip
As on 01.03.2011
Pipeline
Product
Crude
Total
Length
(km)
1939
935
2874
Capacity
(MMTPA)
10.35
6.00
16.35
Mumbai
LEGEND
Coimbatore
Karoor
Chennai
Product
Crude Oil
Refinery
Kochi
HPCL’s
Existing Liquid Pipeline Network
Jalandhar
Ambala
Bhatinda
Panipat
Delhi Bahadurgarh
Piyala
Sanganer
Mathura
Bharatpur
Lucknow
Jodhpur
Barauni
Kanpur
Bongaigaon
Siliguri
Guwahati
Digboi
Sidhpur
Bina
Mundra
Indore
Haldia
Mumbai
As on 01.03.2011
Pipeline
Product
Length
(km)
2774
Paradip
Pune Solapur Hyderabad
Capacity
(MMTPA)
25.72
Visakhapatanam
Vijaywada
LEGEND
Chennai
Mangalore
Bangalore
Product
Crude Oil
Refinery
Kochi
Other’s Existing Pipeline Network
Jalandhar
Ambala
Bhatinda
Panipat
Sanganer
Barmer
Bharatpur
Loni
Delhi Bijwasan
Piyala
Mathura
Tinsukia
Siliguri
Lucknow
Barauni
Kanpur
Bongaigaon
Digboi
NRL
Sidhpur
Bina
Kalol
Koyali
Salaya
Uran
Indore
Solapur
As on 01.03.2011
Pipeline
Length
(km)
GAIL Product 1691
OIL Product
654
ONGC Crude 676.08
OIL Crude
1193
Cairn Crude
667
Capacity
(MMTPA)
3.60
1.70
43.84
8.4
7.5
Haldia
Ankaleshwar
Mumbai
Paradip
Hyderabad
Visakhapatanam
Vijaywada
Mangalore
LEGEND
Chennai
Bangalore
Kochi
LPG (GAIL)
Crude Oil (OIL)
Product (OIL)
Crude Oil (Cairn)
Crude Oil (ONGC)
Crude Oil
Transportation
Pipelines System: Crude Oil Transportation
OIL FIELDS
CRUDE OIL IN SHIPS
FLOATING HOSES
SPM SYSTEM
OFFSHORE LINE
GATHERING STATION
SHORE TANKAGES
UNDER BUOY HOSES
PUMPING UNITS
PIPELINE END MANIFOLD
OFFSHORE / ONSHORE
PIPELINE
CROSS COUNTRY PIPELINE
REFINERY TANKAGE
Refineries – Overview
IndianOil Group owns
10 out of 20 refineries
in India
BHATINDA
9.0 (180,000)
PANIPAT
15.0
(300,000)
BONGAIGAON
2.35(47,000)
MATHURA
8.0 (160,000)
JAMNAGAR
RIL-33.0 + 29.0
(660,000+580,000)
ESSAR-10.5(210,000)
Koyali
13.7(274,000)
BARAUNI
6.0 (120,000)
HALDIA
7.5(150,000)
BINA
6.0(120,000)
PARADEEP
15.0(300,000)
MUMBAI
BPC-12.0(240,000)
HPC-6.5(110,000)
Refining Capacity:
MANGLORE
IOCL – 65.7 MMTPA out of – 195.4 11.8(236,000)
MMTPA
KOCHI
9.5(190,000)
DIGBOI
0.65(13,000
)
NUMALIGARH
GUWAHATI 3.0(60,000)
1.0(20,000)
VISAKH
8.3(166,000)
LEGEND
Existing IOC
TATIPAKA
0.08 (1740)
CHENNAI
10.5(210,000)
Kuddalore
6 MMTPA
Subsidiaries of IOC
Others
New
NARIMANAM
1.0(20,000)
Figures in bracket are in terms of BPD
IndianOil
Jetty
Salaya-Mathura crude oil pipeline
PANIPAT
REWARI
CHAKSU
RAMSAR
MATHURA
SENDRA
RAJOLA
KOT
Section
SALAYA
KOYALI
Dia
(inch)
Length
(km)
Off-shore Line
42
13.7
Onshore Line
42
11.4
Salaya-Viramgam
28
435
Viramgam-Koyali
28
148
Viramgam-Chaksu
24
716
Chaksu-Mathura
24
197
Chaksu-Panipat
24
349
32
Haldia-Barauni crude oil pipeline
Section
Dia (inch)
Length (km)
Paradip off shore line
48
20
Paradip-Haldia
30
328
Haldia-Bolpur-Barauni
18
935
48/36
19
Haldia Docklines
BRPL
BONGAIGAON
BARAUNI
BOLPUR
HALDIA
Barauni
Bolpur
Haldi
a
PARADIP
Paradip
33
Petroleum Product
Transportation
Pipelines System: Product Transportation
REFINED PRODUCT
FROM REFINERIES
IMPORTED / OTHER PRODUCT
IN SHIP/OIL JETTY
REFINERY’s PRODUCT
TANKAGE
TANKAGES
PUMPING STATION
PUMPING CUM DELIVERY STATIONS OR DELIVERY STATION
DELIVERY TERMINAL
Guwahati-Siliguri product pipeline
SILIGURI
HASIMAR
A
MADARIHAT
Tinsukia
BONGAIGAON
BETKUCH
I
GUWAHATI
REFINERY
Digboi
Bongaigaon
Siligur
i
Guwahati
Nahorkatiya
Numaligarh
Section
Dia
(inch)
Length
(km)
Guwahati-Bongaigaon
8
162
Bongaigaon-Madarihat
8
128
Madarihat-Siliguri
8
145
36
Barauni-Kanpur product pipeline
KANPUR
LUCKNOW
MUGALSARAI
BARAUNI
REFINERY
PATNA
ALLAHABAD
BARAUNI
Lucknow
Kanpur
Dia
(inch)
Length
(km)
Barauni-Patna (New)
20
110
Patna-Mugalsarai
12
209
Mugalsarai-Allahabad
12
161
Allahabad-Kanpur
12
196
Branch line to
Lucknow
12
69
Section
Mugalsarai
Allahabad
Bolpur
Haldia
37
Product pipelines ex-Haldia refinery
Dia
(inch)
Length
(km)
Haldia-Mourigram
12
117
Mourigram-Rajbandh
12
152
Budge Budge branch
12
8
Haldia-Barauni
12
525
Section
BARAUNI
ASANSOL
RAJBANDH
MOURIGRAM
BUDGE BUDGE
Barauni
HALDIA
Bolpur
Asansol
Rajbandh
HALDIA
REFINERY
Mourigram
Budge
Budge
Haldia
38
Product pipelines ex-Koyali refinery
Koyali-Ahemedabad
8
Length
(km)
116
Koyali-Sanganer
18
763
Bareja–Navagam
10
4
Kot-Salawas
10
111
Baghsuri–Ajmer
8
20
Lasariya-Chittaurgarh
12
158
Koyali-Dahej
14
103
Amod-Hazira
12
94
Koyali-Ratlam
16
265
Section
Dia (inch)
SANGANER
AJMER
JODHPUR
KOT
CHITTAURGARH
SIDHPUR
Jodhpur
Sanganer
AHMEDABAD
VIRAMGAM
BAREJA
Kot
Sidhpur
Ahmedabad
Navagam
Koyali
DAHEJ
RATLAM
NAVAGAM
KOYALI
REFINERY
DAHEJ
HAZIR
A
HAZIRA
39
Product pipelines ex-Mathura refinery
Jalandhar
Ambala
Bhatinda
Najibabad
Panipa
Meerut
Delhi
t
Rewari
Mathur
a Tundla
PANIPAT
PANIPAT
REFINERY
DELHI
Bharatpur
Section
Dia
(inch)
Length
(km)
Mathura-Delhi
16
147
Mathura-Tundla
16
56
Mathura-Bharatpur
8
21
Bijwasan-Panipat Naphtha
10
111
MATHURA
TUNDLA
BHARATPUR
MATHURA
REFINERY
40
Product pipelines ex-Panipat refinery
JALANDHAR
Jalandhar
Ambala
Bhatinda
Najibabad
Panipat
Meerut
Delhi
Rewar
iSanganer Mathura
Jodhpur
Tundla
Chaksu
Beawar
AMBALA
NAJIBABAD
NABHA
ROORKEE
SANGRUR
BHATINDA
PANIPAT
MEERUT
Kot
Sidhpu
r
Section
Dia
(inch)
Length
(km)
14/12
267
K’kshetra–Roorkee–Najibabad
10
167
Panipat-Delhi
14
112
Sonepat-Meerut
10
70
Panipat-Bhatinda
14
219
Panipat-Rewari
12
155
Panipat-Jalandhar LPG
10
274
Panipat-Ambala-Jalandhar
DELHI
REWARI
41
Pipelines ex-Manali refinery & other pipelines in
Southern Region
Bangalore
Bangalore
AFS
Chennai
Chennai
AFS
Sankari
Section
Dia
(inch)
Length
(km)
Chennai -Asanur
14
256
Asanur–Madurai
10
270
Asanur–Sankari
12
157
14/12
290
Bangalore ATF
8
33
Chennai ATF
Narimanam-Nagpattinam
8
95
18
7
Asanur
Nagapattinam
Trichy
Narimanam
Madurai
Chennai -Bangalore
42
Digboi-Tinsukia product pipeline
TINSUKIA
DIGBOI
Tinsukia
Nahorkatiya
Siliguri
Digboi
DIGBOI
REFINERY
Bongaigaon
Numaligar
Guwahati h
Section
(Under Assam Oil Division)
Dia
(inch)
Length
(km)
Digboi-Tinsukia (Black Oil)
6
39
Digboi-Tinsukia (White Oil)
8
36
43
Mode wise transportation of Crude
Oil and Petroleum Products.
Typical Mode Wise Transportation
Crude Oil & Petroleum Products- Industry
INDIA
Coastal
18%
USA
Rail
16%
Pipelines
52%
* Source : PPAC
Road
14%
** Source : Association of Oil Pipelines,
http://www.aopl.org/pdf/Shift_Report_2008_FINAL1.pdf
Haulage – MT-Km basis
Dependence on road and rail infrastructure is putting severe strain on these
infrastructures.
Inter-Modal Mix- Industry Vs. IOCL Petroleum
products
Present Transport Modal-Mix - Industry
Present Transport Modal-Mix - IOCL
6%
19%
43%
32%
Pipeline
Coastal
Rail
Road
Capacity (MMT) basis
Inter-Modal Mix for Transportation of Crude Oil- Industry Vs. IOCL
Present Transport Modal-Mix - Industry
Present Transport Modal-Mix - IOCL
Capacity (MMT) basis
As in 2010-11
Gas Pipelines in India
Gas Transmission
Power /
Fertilizer
Re-gasification
Liquefaction
Cryogenic Terminals
Vessels Like Dahej
Cryogenic Truck/
Rail transport
Cryogenic
Storage tanks
End Users
49
Existing Gas Infrastructure in India
LNG Import
Terminals
Pipelines
Company
KMs
% Share
GAIL
6778
61
GSPL
1659
RGTIL
MMT
% Share
10
73
15
PLL *
Dahej
1365
12
Shell
3.75
27
IOC
132
1
Total
13.75
100
Others
1246
11
Total
11180
100
1MMT = 3.62 MMSCMD
Company
CGD
* IOC has a contract for
2.25 MMT at Dahej
Company Cities (no.) %
Share
GGCL
3
23
GSPC
Gas
8
20
IGL
2
16
MGL
2
12
GAIL Gas
5
9
GGL*
2
0.7
15 other
27
19.3
Entities
* IOC’s JV with GAIL 50
Infrastructure - Existing & Future
SRINAGAR
LNG Terminal
jAMMU
Existing
NANGAL
Upcoming
BHATINDA
DELHI
AURAIYA LUCKNOW
MATHANIA AGRA
KANPUR
GWALIOR
BHILWARA
KOTA
RAJKOT
MUNDRA
6.5 mmtpa
MEHSANA UJJAIN
Existing
DISPUR
JAGDISHPUR
BARMER
DAHEJ
10 mmtpa*
Transmission Pipelines
BAREILLY
GURGAUN
Upcoming
GAIL’s Planned Pipeline
RGTIL’s East West Pipeline
RGTIL’s Planned Pipeline
Pipelines at EoI stage/ under
bidding by PNGRB
PATNA
PHOOLPUR
JHANSI
VIJAYPUR
VARANASI
GAYA
AGARTALA
BOKARO
BHOPAL
AHMEDABAD
KOLKATA
BHARUCH
HAZIRA
2.5 mmtpa
RAIPUR
JALGAON
SURAT
CUTTACK
PARADIP
Existing
BHUBANESHWAR
PUNE
SOLAPUR
Planned
KRISHNAPATNAM
RAJAMUNDRY
KAKINADA (MALLAVARAM)
HYDERABAD
KOLHAPUR
VIJAYAWADA
GOA
NELLORE
HASAN
BANGLORE
CHENNAI
TIRUCHCHIRAPALLI
KANJIKKOD
COIMBTORE
KOCHI
5 mmtpa
City Gas/ CNG
DAMRA
NAGPUR
MUMBAI
DABHOL
5 mmtpa
BARODA
TUTICORIN
ENNORE
5 mmtpa
Pipeline
GAIL
RGTIL Others
Total
Existing
6778
1365
3037
11180
Future (by 2014) 5573 3030
Total
12351 4395
8983
12020
17586
28766
•
Length in KM
•
Others include GSPL, IOC, Assam Gas etc.
•
Details
* Dahej Expansion to 12.5 MMTPA by 2014
51
World and India - A comparison
Gas Pipeline Spread: (km / 100 sq. km.)
6
5.357
5
4
3
2
1
0.374
0.34
0.709
0
India
USA
China
Pakistan
52
Demand - Supply Scenario
(Projected)
All figures in MMSCMD
Projected
2010-11
2011-12 2012-13 2016-17 2020-21
Natural Gas Demand
176
208
244
335
432
Domestic Supply
142
150
187
202
174
RLNG Terminal capacity
44
53
70
118
132
Deficit
10
-5
13
-15
-126
2010-11, 11-12 & 12-13 - Figs include firmed up RLNG Terminals
2016-17 & 2020-21 - Figs include RLNG Terminals in conceptual stage.
Source : MoPNG, Crisil Report & Internal Estimates
53
Gas Supply Scenario (Apr’10 – Jan’11)
Domestic Gas
RLNG
Company
Qty
% Share
ONGC +
OIL
56
44
RIL
56
44
Others
15
12
IOC
0
0
Total
127
100
Quantities in MMSCMD
Gas Market
Company
Qty
% Share
Company
Qty
% Share
PLL
30
94
GAIL
83
52
IOC
8.2
26
RIL
56
35
GAIL
15.8
52
9.3
6
BPCL
2.5
8
GSPC +
Others
IOC
8.2
5.5
BPCL
2.5
1.5
Total
159
100
GSPC+
Others
1.5
8
Shell
2
6
Total
32
100
1 MMSCMD = 0.33 mtoe
Source : PPAC
54
Existing and upcoming LNG
Terminals in India
Location
Company
Capacity in
MMTPA
Status
Dahej
Petronet LNG LTD
(PLL)
10
Capacity expansion to 15
MMTPA by 2013
Hazira
SHELL
2.5
Expansion to 5.0 by 2015
Dhabhol
RGPPL
2.5
Start up by 2012
Kochi
Petronet LNG LTD
(PLL)
2.5
Commissioning by 2012
Ennore
IOCL
5.0
Commissioning by 2015
Mundra
M/s Adani
6.0
Commissioning by 2015
Dhamra, Orissa
IOCL & Others
5.0
Commissioning by 2016
Mangalore
ONGC Ltd
2.5
Commissioning by 2016
Transnational Pipelines
Iran – Pakistan – India Gas Pipeline
• Planned as Joint project with Iran & Pakistan.
• Iran and Pakistan not allowing participation in pipeline project
with in their territory.
• Around 2100 KM and $7 billion. Gas for India : 30 MMSCMD
• Unresolved issues with Iran & Pakistan - Mainly security of
supplies
Turkmenistan- Afganistan – Pakistan – India Gas Pipeline
• Approx 30 MMSCMD import for India.
• Mainly driven by ADB. No issue of security of supply as it is
integrated project to be managed by international consortium.
IOC as co lead partner is being considered finally by MoPNG
Sub-Sea Pipeline from Middle East(Oman) to India
• 85 MMSCMD. At present at concept stage
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Future outlook:
Pipelines in India
Future Outlook for Pipelines in India

India is a vast country endowed with quite a large area. It may
be ideal to inter link its different corners by means of pipeline
networks

With the growing demand of petroleum products & Gas
throughout the country, establishment of Oil & Gas pipeline
networks for petroleum transportation is the only alternative,
leaving railways to cope with the enormous task of handling
ever-increasing passenger and goods traffic.

Indian oil industry has identified a number of crude oil and
product pipelines that can be taken up for implementation in
future.
Future Outlook for Pipelines in India

Growth potential of pipelines in India itself is immense. India is
now 5th in terms of length of Oil & Gas pipelines after USA
[588,376 km], Russian federation [235,145 km], Canada [113,025
km] , China [48,911 km] and India [32,476 km].

Source: EnergyTrack
As per Hydrocarbon Vision 2025, the transportation requirement
for the petroleum products are projected to rise significantly in
the years to come.

It is expected that the total length of Oil and Gas pipelines in India
will double in next ten years.
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