Katelyn Kinne
China and the West

Tea-Opium Connection
 China
traded at a port, Guangzhou, even though they
had little interest in trading with the west.
 European smuggled opium into China for nonmedical
uses.
 By 1835, 12 million people were addicted to the
drug.
China and the West

War Breaks Out
 Opium War
 The British had steam powered gunships but the
Chinese ship’s were outdated.
 After losing the war, the Chinese signed a peace
treaty, the Treaty of Nanjing.
 The
British got the island of Hong Kong, and
extraterritorial rights.
Growing Internal Problems
 The
population began to grow but food production
didn’t increase. Hunger was widespread and the opium
addiction rose.
 The
people began to rebel.
Growing Internal Problems

Taiping Rebellion
 Hong
Xiuquan gathered followers for the Taiping
Rebellion.
 His army attacked and won different areas and cities,
including the city of Nanjing. Xiuquan made Nanjing his
capital.
 British, French, and Chinese forces defeated the
rebellion.
 Possibly
20 million or more people died in the
rebellion.
Foreign Influence Grows

Resistance to Change
 Dowager
Empress Cixi (1862-1908) supported certain
reforms.
 Updated educational system, diplomatic service, and
the military.
Foreign Influence Grows

Other Nations Step In
 European
countries and Japan gained a foothold in
China.
 The foothold was called sphere of influence, foreign
countries controlled trade and investment.
 The United States declared the Open Door Policy,
China be open to merchants of all nations. That way
China cannot be divided into formal colonies.
An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism

Boxer Rebellion
 Chinese
people rebelled against the Dowager Empress’s
rule and against foreigner privileges.
 Boxer’s siege European section of Beijing and were later
defeated
 Even after the rebellion was defeated, a strong sense of
nationalism emerged in China. They felt they must resist
foreign intervention.
An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism

Beginnings of Reform
 The
Chinese decided to create a Constitutional
Monarchy type government. But it would take years for
the reforms to start making change.