Local Solutions to inequality: the
Role of Ramakrishna Mission in
Tribal pockets of India
Kalyan Ghadei Ph.D
Assistant Professor
Department of Extension Education
Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, U.P.-221 005 (INDIA)
Respected Chair of the
session Dr P. Clark.
Learned participants,
distinguished audience,
officers and staff of Rural
Sociological Society,
USA. At the outset I
would like to convey best
wishes to you all for
successfully organizing
Kalyan Ghadei Ph.D
Assistant Professor
the Annual function of
RSS.
Ramakrishna Mission
Belur Math
Ramakrishna Mission, Naraian
Pur, Chhattish Garh
I am very much enlighten and guided by the organizers to make this
moment possible. I feel interested and excited to interact with you on
the topic “Local Solutions to social in equality: the role of
Ramakrishna Mission in Tribal pockets of India.
Tribal Population in India
Dear friends, India have the largest concentration of tribal people in the world except Africa. They
live in extremely back ward and poverty stricken area. After 65 years of India‘s Independence ,the
government of India with many NGOs and private sectors are still devoted for their upliftment and
main streaming. The Ramakrishna Mission in its own way has been able to bring important
interventions to eradicate social inequality.
(*ST means scheduled tribes of India)
Portraits of Swami Vivekanda
Being a faith based organization, established by Swami
Vivekanda, The Ramakrishna Mission believes in the motto of “Work
is worship”. It considers service to men as service to God. The Indian
scripture says to respect the parents as God but Swami Vivekanda
added “let the poor, the ignorant the illiterate be your God .Think that
to serve them is the highest of religion”.
Ramakrishna Mission is awarded for
Tribal service
Ramakrishna Mission monks who are initiated by the
ideal of renunciation and service
Dear participants, these incredible thoughts of Swami Vivekananda have been embodied
by the Ramakrishna Mission. This is the call on the basis of which Ramakrishna Mission
has reached to millions of people to love and serve them. By recognizing the activity of the
Mission the Government of India honored Ramakrishna Mission in the year 1998 as a
best service organization. The qualified monks of Ramakrishna Mission have put the
vedantic thoughts in to practice .Beyond all religion and spirituality they dedicated
themselves for the cause tribal people in many areas of India.
Locale and Objective
Journal of Global Communication
Year : 2010, Volume : 3, Issue : 2
First page : ( 51) Last page : ( 54)
Print ISSN : 0974-0600. Online ISSN : 0976-2442.
A Scale to Measure Attitude Among Tribal People Towards Extension Services of NGOs
Ghadei Kalyan*, N Pandey K
Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005.
*Email: kghadei@gmail.com.
Abstract:
On the face of mounting emphasis is being laid on bringing the tribal and backward remote pockets to the mainstream of national development
through the joint effort of public & private extension efforts in India. A summated rating scale has been developed through five steps to study the attitude
of tribal farmers. Based on the review of literature, discussion with the extension experts and tribal farmers, 62 statements were developed and subjected
to judges rating on a five point continuum. Considering the relevancy percentage of 43 statements, relevant items were selected and subjected for
analysis. The scale was tested for its reliability & validity. The scale has been standardized to measure the tribal attitude towards NGO extension since
composing of 22 items.
The paper is based on our research entitled the role of Ramakrishna Mission
in sustainable livelihood strategy of tribal farmers of Chhattish Garh state in India.
The aim of the presentation is to highlight the contributions of Ramakrishna Mission
against social inequality. My attempts have been made to show the achievements of
Ramakrishna Mission in promotion of livelihood systems of tribal farmers in terms of
bio physical, Social, and Economical, Political and human capital.
Research Design and Sampling
The study was conducted in ex-post facto
research design with group of farmers
selected for control group and experimental
group
through
proportionate
random
sampling method. The total sample size was
220 including 110 from control group and 110
from experimental group.
Conceptual Frame Work
Improvement in Biophysical Capital
Developed cropping system
Soil testing lab
The improvement in biophysical capital was studied on thirteen parameters
namely energy, water, transport, communication, land development, waste land
development, land use, yield ,harvesting, cropping area, soil health status, use
of improved farm technology and forest based livelihood system.
Table: 1. Change in Source of Energy Use (N=110)
Sl. No.
Source of energy
Control group
Experimental group
Difference in
Frequency (%)
Frequency (%)
percentage
01.
Kerosene lamp
102 (92.73 )
97 (88.18 )
-4.55
02.
Gobar gas plant
02 (1.82)
05 (4.55 )
2.73
03.
Solar energy
03 (2.73 )
07 (6.36 )
3.63
04.
Electricity
25 (22.73 )
35 (31.82 )
9.09
05.
Cattle dung cake
02 (1.82)
09 (8.18 )
6.36
06.
Fire wood
110 (100.00)
107 (97.27 )
2.73
The study reveals that there has been satisfactory change in
experimental group as compared to control group farmers. In case of energy,
the use of kerosene lamp shows a decreasing trend due to the availability of
cow dung gas, solar energy and electricity. The dependency on forest shows
a declining trend due to intervention of Mission in creation of biophysical
assets and forest rules imposed by the Government.
Improvement in Social Capital
Table: 2.Change in Liquor Consumption N=110
Sl. No.
01.
Liquor consumption
Change in liquor
Control group
Experimental group
Frequency (%)
Frequency (%)
98(89.09)
88(80.00)
Difference in percentage
-9.09
consumption
As far as the social capital is concerned the Role of Ramakrishna Mission was
studied on six factors namely Social development, Access to education, Access to health,
Liquor consumption and local migration. It was seen that there was increase in percentage
but there was decreasing trend of liquor consumption and local migration in experimental
group due to intervention of Ramakrishna Mission (Naik and Jayramiaha 1997)
Improvement in Economic Capital
A picture of VGSK.
The attempt of Ramakrishna Mission in formation of Economic capital was
analyzed. It was found that the creation of Vivekananda Gramya Seva Kendra
(VGSK) is major intervention for saving and credit access of the farmers. They have
been channelized to use the bank, Farmers credit Card and SHGs for financial
Management. In addition to that the advisory service and input supply system of
Ramakrishna Mission has benefited the farmers.
Improvement in Political Capital
Pictures of the Ramakrishna Mission farmers
The political awareness in India is in a rising trend. We know that a good
politics is required for a good governance. So, Ramakrishna Mission being a non
political institution has educated the farmers to take part in political domain and to
harvest the benefit of Government programs and schemes. The farmers have been
aware about right and duties, right to information and right to vote.
Improvement in Human Capital
Swami Vivekanda and his western disciples -Sister Nivedita and J.J.Goodwin
Friends ! Swami Vivekanda used to ask his disciples “Which is more important?
Man or money”. Yes money is important but it is man who makes money. The
factors which studied under the Human capital are the institutional mechanism
created for the tribal farmers , girl’s education, training programs, demonstration,
exposure visit, information agencies, and distribution of literature, farm
mechanization, knowledge and skill activities and labor management
Female Students in a parade
It was revealed that there is significant difference in control group and experimental
group with respect to linking the farmers with information service centre, availability of
custom service centre, initiation of community pond, increasing enrollment in girls’
education, participation in training program and demonstration, access to information
sources, farm mechanization ,knowledge and skill development and access to useful
literature.
Concluding …….
Friends the time is short. Physically I am away from you. Proper
communication begins with involvement of physical
and emotional factors.
Without going to too much tables and statistical details let me show some of
the activities of Ramakrishna Mission in selected tribal areas of Chhatish
Garh of India
Photo 1. Water harvesting initiated by
RKM at Brehbeda- village, Narainpur
Photo-2.Check dam at villagePalki,Narainpur
Photo 3. Front line demonstration of Brinjal
at village- Gadhebengal, Narainpur
Photo 4. Preparation of vegetable nursry initiated
by RKM at village- Gadhebengal, Narainpur
Photo 5. Learning pesticide application as demonstrated by
RKM S.A.D.O.(Shri Chandrakar ji) at RKM farm, Narainpur
Photo 6. Farmers training programme organized by the
RKM at village- Palki, Narainpur
Photo 7. Inter state farm visit
conducted by RKM
Photo 8. Farmers learning about Vermi
compost at village-Palki, Narainpur
Photo 9. Researcher with S.A.D.O. (Shri Ramesh Vyas ) at
Swami Vivekanand Seva Samittee Agriculture seed &
pesticide selling centre at village-Brehbeda, Narainpur
Expressing Sincere Thanks
Friends , I will be very happy to get
your suggestions
and feed back
about my presentation. I would try to
answer
if there would
be any
questions from the house.
Thank you very much for your patience hearing to this virtual
presentation.
feed back at: kghadei@gmail.com