REVOLUTION
Guided Reading and Review
The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the
mid 1700s.
 Cause-
British investors developed new machines that
made manufacturing faster.
 Effect- The Industrial Revolution spread to the USA.
The Industrial Revolution

Samuel Slater memorized the design of the
machines in British textile mills.
 Cause-
It was illegal to take plans for the machines out
of England.
 Effect- Slater built a successful water powered textile
mill in the USA.
The Industrial Revolution

Eli Whitney invented machines that could
manufacture identical parts.
 Cause-
Whitney wanted to speed up the manufacturing
process.
 Effect- Inventors soon designed machines to produce
interchangeable parts for other goods.
The Industrial Revolution

Francis Cabot Lowell’s partners built a factory
town named for him.
 Cause-
Lowell combined spinning and weaving
operations under one roof.
 Effect- Lowell became a model factory town and the
population grew.
The Industrial Revolution

Textile mills hired young women.
 Cause-
Mill owners could pay lower wages to women
than men.
 Effect- Many young women left home and became
financially independent. They used their wages to help
their families.
Americans Move Westward
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Many settlers traveled westward during the 1800s.
1. New roads such as the Great Wagon Road made it
easier to travel west.
2. As more people traveled west, more territories
applied for statehood.
3. Private companies began paving roads and
collecting tolls for maintenance.
4. Congress approved money to build the National
Road.
Americans Move Westward

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In the early 1800s, Americans found faster and better
ways to travel or move goods by water.
5. The invention of the steam engine and the steamboat
made passenger and cargo travel much faster.
6. Steamboats made it cheaper for western farmers to
ship goods.
7. The Erie Canal linked the Great Lakes and the
Mohawk and Hudson Rivers, making it possible to ship
goods to New York.
Industry in North
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1. Sewing machines could make many more items of
clothing in much less time than a tailor.
2. John Deere’s plow was much lighter and could be
pulled through a field more quickly.
3. Morse’s telegraph had faster access to
information about supply, demand, and prices for
all over the country.
Industry in the North
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5. Clipper ships were able to travel more quickly
through the water because of their tall masts, huge sails,
and narrow hulls.
6. Effects of factories, machines, and railroads on the
Northern economy:
Factories used steam power
 Machines produced cheaper goods
 Railroads provided faster transportation of materials and
goods.
 Markets opened and farmers were forced into factory jobs.

Cotton Kingdom in the South
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1. Effect- The cotton gin could do the work of 50
people. Cotton could be grown for a huge profit.
2. Cause- Planters needed new land and began to
move west.
3. Effect- In other areas southerners raised rice,
sugar cane, tobacco, and livestock.
Cotton Kingdom in the South
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4. Cause- Rich planters invested in slaves and land.
5. Effect- Southerners resented their dependency on
the north.