E-Weekly-4/21
Green Earth Movement
An E-Newsletter for the cause of Environment, Peace, Harmony and Justice
Remember - “you and I can decide the future”
WASTE TO
COOKING
GAS
WHAT IS BIO GAS?
Biogas is a term that is used to refer to a type of gas that is
produced from the biological breakdown of organic material
in the absence of oxygen. It can be produced from organic
wastes such as animal dung, dead plant or animal material
and kitchen waste. It is mainly composed of methane, carbon
dioxide and tiny amounts of hydrogen sulphide.
Much waste material
of many kinds is
produced by us in
our day-to-day
living. These waste
products include excrement of humans and
animals such as cows, horses, goats, pigs,
and chickens, and garbage from the kitchen
(vegetable waste, etc.).
Garbage and other waste rots, giving off bad smell,
and making our living environment unpleasant. It can
also be the cause of disease, and be a breeding place
for many flies, mosquitoes, and other harmful insects.
To maintain a clean, healthy environment in our
surroundings, it is important to properly deal with this
waste material.
When moisture and heat are
added to these waste products
into a container that keeps out
air, they begin to rot, and a kind
of gas is produced.
This gas, called methane gas,
produces a hot flame when burned. We can use
this heat energy source as fuel and at the same
time help keep our environment clean.
Methane gas burns easily and
produces a hot flame, and can
be used to boil water or cook.
Methane gas itself is no
smelling and tasteless and is
lighter than air, but other
gases are also produced along
with the Methane gas. One of
these, hydrogen sulfide, is a
poisonous gas that smells like rotten eggs.
This dissolves in water, so most of it can be filtered out by
passing methane gas and hydrogen sulfide mixture
through water, making the methane gas safe to use.
The bio-gas produced from food waste,
decomposable organic material and kitchen
waste is an alternative fuel for
cooking gas (LPG). Also,
the waste materials can
be disposed off efficiently
without any odor or flies
and the digested slurry
from the bio-gas unit can
be used as an organic
manure in the garden.
Using bio-methanisation technology all domestic bio
waste including wastewater can be treated
hygienically and biogas, a very good cooking fuel is
produced. This helps to prevent the tendency to
throw the waste materials in roads and public places.
Generation of cooking gas at household level helps to
overcome fuel crisis to a great extent.
Anybody can install domestic Bio waste treatment
plants with a minimum investment. Local self
governments should take much interest to provide
financial assistance for domestic programmes. This
helps the local bodies to
save permanently the huge
recurring expenses they
have to incur for the
collection and transportation
of domestic waste to a
centralized plant.
Components of the Bio-gas Plant
The major components of the bio-gas plant are a
digester tank, an inlet for feeding the kitchen waste,
gas holder tank, an outlet for the digested slurry and
the gas delivery system for taking out and utilizing the
produced gas.
INSTALLATION OF BIOGAS PLANT- MAJOR
COMPONENTS
1] DIGESTER TANK
A PVC tank of 50 litres or above (depending on the
cooking gas you would expect to generate) is used as
Digester Tank. Cut the top cover of the digester tank
2] GAS HOLDER
You need another smaller tank which can
fit inside the digester tank to hold the gas.
Here, again remove the top of the tank.
3] PVC PIPES
You need various sizes of PVC pipes
1] for feeding the kitchen waste
2] guide pipe for the gas holder
3] guide pipe fixed with the digestion chamber
respectively.
4] A small piece of pipe will be used as outlet for the
slurry
While installing the biogas plant,
initially, cow-dung mixed with
water will be fed in to the system,
which will start the gas formation
process.
Subsequently, food waste,
decomposable organic material and
kitchen waste will be diluted with water and used to feed the
system. The gas holder will rise along the guide pipes based
on the amount of gas produced. We can add some weight on
top of the gas holder to increase the gas pressure. When we
feed the system, the excess digested slurry will fall out
through the outlet pipe, which can be collected, diluted and
used as organic manure.
Initial production of gas will consist of oxygen,
methane, carbon dioxide and some other gases and
will not burn. These gases can be released to
the atmosphere by opening the ball valve daily.
Subsequent gas will consist of about 70 to 80 percent
methane, and the rest carbon dioxide, which can be
used in a single bio-gas burning stove.
QUANTITY OF GAS
An one thousand litre
capacity Digestion tank
will be sufficient for a
small household for daily cooking purpose.
There are bigger models which can be
used for commercial purpose or for
institutions where large quantity of waste
is available.
SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY
OF WET WASTE
A Biogas plant needs to have some
quantity of sustainable supply of food
waste to feed the digester. This could
be hotel waste, flour waste, all types
of fruit/vegetable wastes etc.
A 1000 litre capacity digester needs an assured supply of about 5 kg
of waste daily. A family produces about half a kg of kitchen waste.
Hence, an arrangement has to be made with the neighboring
families, hotels etc.
However it will be easier to get sufficient wet waste in the
institutions like orphanages, old age homes, homes of destitutes,
hospitals, schools/colleges attached with canteens, seminaries,
religious houses etc.
FINANCES
A five Kg feed capacity biogas
plant cost INR 12,000/approximately
•If 4% of us engage ourselves in this
activity, the total soft bio waste is
wiped off.
• 50% cooking fuel need of 20%
household is met our of biogas
Advantages and Benefits of Biogas
•Provides a non-polluting and
renewable source of energy.
•Efficient way of energy
conversion (saves fuelwood).
•Saves women and children from
drudgery of collection and carrying of
firewood, exposure to smoke in the kitchen, and time
consumed for cooking and cleaning of utensils.
•Produces enriched organic manure, which can supplement or
even replace chemical fertilizers.
•Leads to improvement in the environment, and sanitation
and hygiene.
•Provides a source for decentralized power generation……
•Leads to employment generation in the rural areas.
•Household wastes and bio-wastes can be disposed of
usefully and in a healthy manner.
•The technology is cheaper and much simpler than those for
other bio-fuels, and it is ideal for small scale application.
•Dilute waste materials (2-10% solids) can be used as in feed
materials.
•Any biodegradable matter can
be used as substrate.
•Anaerobic digestion inactivates
pathogens and parasites, and is
quite effective in reducing the
incidence of water borne
diseases…..
•Environmental benefits on a global scale: Biogas plants
significantly lower the greenhouse effects on the earth’s
atmosphere. The plants lower methane emissions by
entrapping the harmful gas and using it as fuel.
IMPACT AT NATIONAL LEVEL
0.3 Million ton of bio waste per day is
gainfully utilized to meet 50% cooking fuel
needs of 48 million households!
WASTE TO ENERGY CONSULTANTS
(List not exhaustive - courtesy: Internet)
• Scalene Greenergy Corporation Ltd, Tel: +91 (0)80 2546 77 88, Fax: +91 (0)80 2549 55 66,
info@scalenegreenergy.com
• Narendra Jindal - narendrajindal48@yahoo.co.in – 9869461942
• Dr Emmanuel D’Silva – Email - ehdsilva@yahoo.com
• Sqn Ldr (Rtd) Devendra Goyal – tel- + 91-9845364203, email – janusisolutions@yahoo.com
• EAI - Energy Alternatives India, Tel. + 91 90435 39679, Email : madhavanv@eai.in
• Synod Bioscience (P) Ltd, Ph: 0484 4070404, Mob: +919995994291, Email: info@synod.in
• Envo Projects, Mobile : 9899300371, email: saleemasraf@gmail.com
• Renewable Energy and Environmental Service Enterprise(REESE), Email:
kartheek@getreese.com
• Vivekananda Kendra, phone: 04652 246296 and 04652 -247126. cell. 9486942769 ; email - vknardep@gmail.com
• E-mail is - svnot@ yahoo .com, Mobile 0 99 47 06 48 62
• BARC Tel : 091-022-5505337/559389, Fax : 091-022-5505151, Email : headttcd@barc.gov.in
• ASPES SOLAR ,# 532, NEW DELHI, CONTACT – 9899424681
• APPROPRIATE RURAL TECHNOLOGY INDIA, Email - arti_pune@vsnl.net
• BIOTECH CORPORATE OFFICE, Phone : +91-471-2331909, 2321909, 2332179, Fax :-91-4712332179, Email – biotechindia@eth.net, Mobile: +91-99897 99892
• Arjun Energy Corporation, Ph: +91 427 2417121/51/91. +91 94433 75577,
energyexperts1@gmail.com
This educational PowerPoint Presentation (editable) is
prepared by GEM Team
(courtesy: internet/other sources).
For other similar GEM PowerPoint Presentations on
various environmental issues see next slide.
These PPTs may be downloaded from our website
www.stfrancisxavierpanvel.in
Or visit GEM FACEBOOK
http://www.facebook.com/gemenewsletter
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Solar Energy (Darkness to Light)
Junk Food
Twenty Tips To Save
Nature
Plastic – a boon or
bane?
Green Passion
Soft drink – A Health
Hazard
Waste to energy
Rain Water Harvesting
Eco-friendly Religions
Happy Green Diwali
Climate Change
The future of Biodiversity
Genetically Modified
Foods
Waste Water Treatment
Give thanks, Give Life
(Body, Organ, Tissue
Donation)
Organic Farming
Waste to cooking gas