Susan Klinzing Tobin, PG
TASK Environmental, Inc.
The Chevron Way
Chevron’s Approach to Job Safety Analysis
 Simple mechanism to categorize hazards
 Training tools to demystify the JSA process
 Requirement for team participation
 Budget and schedule for team participation
The Success Story
 TASK’s job - facilitate JSA development and
implementation; safety oversight.
 New contractor – no safety training.
 New site activity – no JSA model available.
 Results
 JSA process embraced by project team.
 Hierarchy of Controls (remove hazard) drove scope
changes.
 Project completed with no injuries or near-misses,
below budget and with a happy, self-aware project team.
History of Job Safety Analysis
 1911 – Frederick Taylor - The Principles of Scientific Management
 Break job tasks down into sequence of steps; find and document
the most efficient way of completing the task (Job Analysis)
 1931 – Herbert Heinrich - Industrial Accident Prevention: A
Scientific Approach
 Prevent accidents by using Job Analysis prior to hiring employees
 “Break the job down into its several constituent operations and show
the hazards of each so that the latter may be recognized in advance
and made known to the employee, and so that he may be fully
instructed in avoiding them.”
National Safety Council - 1964
NSC’s JSA
 Three Columns:
1. Sequence of Basic Job Steps
2. Potential Hazards
3. Recommended Action or Procedure
NSC’s Potential Hazards
 Struck by
 Caught in
 Slip, trip, fall
 Strains from pushing, pulling, lifting
 Hazardous environments
NSC Actions/Procedures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Engineer the hazard out
Provide guards/safety devices
PPE
Provide training
Good housekeeping
Ergonomic instruction
JSA Reality?
 Find the least expensive person with the least
experience and tell them to fill out the forms pronto.
 Copy one from another job.
 Write so much meaningless drivel that no one will
read it anyway.
 Hand out the completed JSA at the first safety meeting
and tell everyone to read it.
JSA Reality?
 Find the least expensive person with the least
experience and tell them to fill out the forms pronto.
 Copy one from another job.
 Write so much meaningless drivel that no one will
read it anyway.
 Hand out the completed JSA at the first safety meeting
and tell everyone to read it.
Embrace the Process!
 Job Safety Analysis is the most effective way to quickly
engage the project team in the safety management
process.
 If done correctly, it will induce self-awareness and safe
behavior.
The Chevron Way
Do it safely or not at all!
There is always time (and budget)
to do it right!
All team members have ‘stop work’
authority.
Training Videos
JSA Form
Hazard Wheel
Hierarchy of Controls
Improving Job Safety Analysis: Can You See It?
Chevron’s Message
 JSA process must include the entire team
 Meet before the job begins
 Keep the tasks specific – instead of “perform
maintenance” try “repair pump.”
 Use ‘stop work’ when conditions change or are not as
expected; revise JSA.
 Make each team member responsible for specific
resources needed for hazard control.
Key Components
 Hazard Wheel – 10 Energy Sources
 Hierarchy of Controls
 4 Columns
 Sequence of task steps
 Potential hazards/risk events
 Safe planning/recommended control
 Resources needed (including person responsible)
Hazard Wheel – 10 Energy
Sources
Hierarchy of Controls
 Remove energy source.
 Prevent the release of energy.
 Protect from the release.
 Use Stop Work authority.
Before Work Begins
 Meet with all project personnel.
 Identify the specific sequence of work
 Begin with packing equipment and traveling to job site.
 The facilitator must engage all of the team members
 Ask each person to describe his/her portion of each job.
 Find out what tools are used for what purposes.
 Ask what work activities each person considers the most
hazardous.
Example JSA - Surveying
1. Sequence of
Basic Task
Steps
2. Potential
Hazards/Risk
Events
3. Safe Planning/Recommended Control
4. Resources
Needed
Find permanent
corner markers
1. Drive to map
location
2. Park truck
3. Unpack
equipment
4. Use metal
detector to find
monument
5. Expose
monument
6. Verify
horizontal
location with
GPS
7. Repack
equipment
8. Travel to next
corner marker
1. Motion and
Mechanical - bodily
injury from vehicle
accidents.
1. Follow state vehicle operation laws. Do
not talk or text and drive. If backing vehicle
is required, utilize a spotter. Mark parked
vehicle and work area with traffic cones.
Wear safety vests and employ spotters and
appropriate MOT controls when working
near active roadways.
2. Gravity - bodily
injury from trips,
slips, and falls.
2. Observe walking and working area for
uneven terrain, curbs, gutters, and parking
stops. Do not talk or text on the cell phone
while walking. Wear appropriate footwear
for the task and terrain.
3. Mechanical - hand
and finger injury from
pinch points on
equipment cases and
equipment.
3. Wear gloves appropriate for the task.
Repair broken or damaged cases and/or
equipment. Mark pinch-points.
PPE - gloves,
safety
glasses,
sturdy boots,
green or
orange safety
vests, broad
brimmed hats.
Traffic cones
and MOT
markers.
Metal detector.
Wooden or
plastic trowel.
Cool drinking
water.
4. Electrical electrocution from
contact with potential
buried underground
wires.
4. Use metal detector to find buried
electrical lines. If buried lines are suspected
to be near monuments, remove soil from
the vicinity of the monument using nonconducting tools (wood, rubber or plastic).
Wear appropriate hand protection.
5. Biological - hand,
foot, leg injuries from
fire ants, spiders,
bees, wasps, bobcats,
wolves, and snakes.
5. Inspect area of monument for fire ants,
ground bees, overhead wasps & bees,
snakes and other biological hazards before
beginning work. Eradicate pests or contact a
pest control company to remove pests (for
bee hives, wasp nests, alligators, and/or
Example JSA - Surveying
1. Sequence of
Basic Task
Steps
2. Potential
Hazards/Risk
Events
3. Safe Planning/Recommended Control
4. Resources
Needed
Set Local
Traverse Points
Off-site and Onsite
1. Drive to site
and unpack
equipment
2. Set up MOT
controls when
working along
roadways.
3. Walk to
selected
locations.
4. Set rebar and
cap to mark each
location.
5. Place wooden
stakes and
flagging around
each rebar and
cap.
6. Measure
horizontal control
using GPS.
1. Motion and
Mechanical - bodily
injury from vehicle
accidents.
1. Follow state vehicle operation laws. Do
not talk or text and drive. If backing vehicle
is required, utilize a spotter. Mark parked
vehicle and work area with traffic cones.
Wear safety vests and employ spotters and
appropriate MOT controls when working
near active roadways.
2. Gravity - bodily
injury from trips, slips,
and falls.
2. Observe walking and working area for
uneven terrain, curbs, gutters, and parking
stops. Do not talk or text on the cell phone
while walking. Wear appropriate footwear
for the task and terrain.
3. Mechanical and
Motion - hand and
finger injury from
pinch points on
equipment cases and
equipment. Hand and
finger injuries from
driving rebar and
stakes into the
ground with a
hammer.
3. Wear gloves appropriate for the task.
Repair broken or damaged cases and/or
equipment. Mark pinch-points. Check rebar
and stakes for sharp areas and splinters
before use. Use an appropriately sized
hammer for the job.
PPE - gloves
(work gloves
and nitrile
gloves),
safety
glasses,
sturdy boots,
green or
orange safety
vests, broad
brimmed hats.
Traffic cones
and MOT
markers.
Metal
detector.
Cool drinking
water.
Shade tent or
vehicle.
4. Electrical electrocution from
contact with potential
buried underground
wires.
4. Use metal detector to find buried
electrical lines. If buried lines are suspected
to be near traverse points, move the
point(s) to a location away from buried
wires/cables. Wear appropriate hand
protection.
5. Biological - hand,
foot, leg injuries from
5. Inspect work area for fire ants, ground
bees, overhead wasps & bees, snakes and
Example JSA - Surveying
1. Sequence of
Basic Task
Steps
2. Potential
Hazards/Risk
Events
3. Safe Planning/Recommended Control
4. Resources
Needed
Topography
Mapping
1. Drive to site or
specific area of
site.
2. Set up MOT
controls if
working outside
of site fence.
3. Unpack
equipment.
4. Clear
vegetation with
machete, as
needed.
5. Set-up tripod
and scope.
6. Walk to
elevation grid
points with rod.
1. Motion and
Mechanical - bodily
injury from vehicle
accidents or vehicle
contact with rough
terrain.
1. Follow state vehicle operation laws. Do
not talk or text and drive. If backing vehicle
is required, utilize a spotter. Mark parked
vehicle and work area with traffic cones.
Wear safety vests and employ spotters and
appropriate MOT controls when working
near active roadways.
2. Gravity - bodily
injury from trips, slips,
and falls.
2. Observe walking and working area for
uneven terrain, curbs, gutters, and parking
stops. Do not talk or text on the cell phone
while walking. Wear appropriate footwear
for the task and terrain.
3. Mechanical - hand
and finger injury from
pinch points on
equipment cases and
equipment.
3. Wear gloves appropriate for the task.
Repair broken or damaged cases and/or
equipment. Mark pinch-points.
PPE - gloves
(work gloves),
safety
glasses,
sturdy boots,
green or
orange safety
vests, broad
brimmed hats.
Traffic cones
and MOT
markers.
Cool drinking
water.
Shade tent or
vehicle.
4. Motion – hand and
leg injuries from
contact with machete
and/or sharp
vegetation
4. Stay at least 5 feet behind person using
machete. Inspect machete for weak or
thinning areas before each 1/2 day of use.
Replace as needed. Cut vegetation near
ground level and move it out of the walking
path. Scabbard machete when not in use.
Wear gloves with slip resistance palms and
fingers if using machete.
5. Biological - hand,
foot, leg injuries from
fire ants, spiders,
bees, wasps,
bobcats, wolves, and
5. Inspect work area for fire ants, ground
bees, overhead wasps & bees, snakes and
other biological hazards before beginning
work. Stop work and move from the area
until hazard animals relocate and/or move
Draft JSA
 What activities are the most hazardous?
 Surveying in the roadway intersections.
 Cutting survey lines through swamps (with big
machetes)!
 What did we learn from the field crew?
 Density of intersection and wetlands survey points was
excessive relative to their work for others in this area.
Stop Work – Revisit Scope
 Coordinated with design engineers and survey
company management.
 Specifications were ‘packaged’ from another state with
more topography.
 Wetlands elevations weren’t pertinent to hydraulic
design.
 Reduced the number of survey points to reduce
exposure to hazardous conditions.
Lessons Learned
 JSA development process engaged the field crew
members.
 By changing the scope to address concerns, each crew
member understood the importance of their ideas,
input and concerns.
 Change in scope reduced labor hours needed to
complete the job and saved money.
Key Components
 Project team prepares the JSA.
 Provide tools and training to facilitate the JSA
development process.
 Use Hierarchy of Controls – when possible, remove the
hazard (energy source) through design changes.
 Budget time and money to do it right (or don’t do it at
all).
Tips
 Revisit training material and JSA often during project.
 Use Stop Work Authority when conditions change
 Provide positive feedback often.
 Instill Trust – free-sharing is essential to identification
of actual hazards.
 Encourage sharing of ideas and experiences.
 Give away cool stuff!