Internal Improvements
 Sectionalism
 With the shallow fast flowing rivers in the north,
travel is by land and therefore expensive.
 One innovation that is designed to open up
the west is called the “Big Ditch”, aka The
Erie Canal.
 It is expensive, but…
 It makes N.Y.C. the financial center of the
country.
The American System
 Post War of 1812, there is a feeling of
cooperation in the country. It is called “The
Era of Good Feelings”.
 It will not last long.
 Henry Clay, Senator, War Hawk
(remember those), proposes the American
System.
 However…
 The north wants what it wants.
 The south wants what it wants.
 The newly expanding west w. w. it w.
The American System
 The south wants policies that increase
their exports and keeps imports
cheap. Ergo, against tariffs.
 The north wants policies that protect
their young, growing industries. Ergo
pro tariffs.
 The west wants federal protection,
but also internal improvements, but
are against the Federal Bank. Divided
over tariffs.
Tariff issues
 The Tariff of 1828 called by the south “The Tariff
of Abominations”
 John C. Calhoun V.P. of the U.S. writes a document
called “The Doctrine of Nullification”.
 States could decide which laws were “null and void”.
 That states had the right to secede from the Union.
 Direct conflict with which branch of govt.?
 Direct conflict with which govt aspect of Federalism?
Review:
 The Industrial Revolution is the rapid
changeover from handmade goods to
machine made goods.
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney and
Interchangeable Parts
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
Power in the Industrial Revolution
 The first source of power of the
Industrial Revolution was water
power.
Power in the Industrial Revolution
 The next power source developed
during the Industrial Revolution was
steam.
 During the Steam period the fuel
source changed several times, from
wood to coal to oil and today, to
nuclear power.
Newcomen’s Steam Engine
 The Newcomen Steam Engine is very
efficient and required little heat to
operate but they are not very
powerful and therefore have never
really been practical.
James Watt’s Steam Engine
 The Watt Steam Engine is not as
efficient but can be very powerful and
was adaptable to many uses.
Early Adaptation of the Watt
Steam Engine
How Dewitt Clinton Adapted the
Steam Engine
How Robert Fulton Adapted the
Steam Engine
How Robert Fulton Adapted the
Steam Engine
How the Steam Engine Was
Adapted In the South
 The first main adaptation the steam
engine in the south was the Cotton
Gin.
Eli Whitney’s Cotton
Gin