Future activities-Potential
Projects
Dr. Sunil Saran
Selection of states
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Basis
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Agro climatic diversity
Requirement for horticulture
development
Unexploited potential
Huge number of small and marginal
farmers
Lack of post harvest and marketing
infrastructure
We have selected 15 states for the proposed project
Uttar Pradesh
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Horticulture Scenario
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Uttar Pradesh contributes to 18 % in the National Basket of
horticulture crops
36.74 % in vegetables (ranks 1st)
10.48 % in fruits (ranks 2nd)
44.13 % in Potato (ranks 1st)
33 lakh hectares under horticulture crops which is 12 % of the
total cultivated area of the state
Area and production of horticulture crops 14.75 lakh ha 237.44
lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 3.16 lakh ha prod 37.57 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 9.60 lakh ha Production 197.90 lakh tonnes
Problems
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Inadequate availability of quality planting material
Poor post harvest management and marketing facility
Lack of infrastructure and marketing facility
Uttarakhand
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Horticulture Scenario
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The hill areas are capable of growing off-season vegetables that
have a great demand in the plains.
Proximity to Delhi and other North Indian urban centres
Area and production of horticulture crops 267.5 lakh ha 1017.9
lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 1.71 lakh ha prod 7.17 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 0.80 lakh ha Production 10.36 lakh tonnes
Problems
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Transportation and transaction costs are prohibitively high for a
small farmer
lack of irrigational infrastructure
Lack of sufficient agro processing units and agro industries in the
state
Unseasonal or heavy rains sometimes completely destroy the
vegetables before they are ready for harvesting.
Hailstorms regularly destroy a significant part of the output from
fruit orchards and vegetable farms.
Bihar
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Horticulture Scenario
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Presently fruits and vegetable crops cover about 19.5% of the net
cropped area and 14% of gross cropped area of the state.
Now the state ranks fourth in fruit production and third in
vegetable production in the country.
Area and production of horticulture crops 11.21 lakh ha 173.34
lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 2.86 lakh ha prod 32.52 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 8.23 lakh ha Production 140.67 lakh tonnes
Problems
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inadequate infrastructure for horticulture produce
Cold storages located very far about 50 km
Given the bad transportation facilities, it is unattractive for the
horticulture producers to keep their produce in cold storage
lack of access to big markets
Processing facilities not accessible
Rajasthan
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Horticulture Scenario
State has made considerable progress in the
development of horticulture
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State government is taking a keen interest in horticulture
development in the state
There has been a significant development in terms of
marketing infrastructure and transportation
Area and production of horticulture crops 9.21 lakh ha
18.40 lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 0.27 lakh ha prod 4.01 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 1.35 lakh ha Production 8.18 lakh tonnes
Spices Area 5.56 lakh0 ha Production 5.20 lakh tonnes
Problems
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More focus needed on processing and value addition
activities
Himanchal Pradesh
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Horticulture Scenario
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Horticulture generates gross domestic income of
about Rs. 2200 crore annually
Area and production of horticulture crops 2.84 lakh
ha 18.99 lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 2.02 lakh ha prod 7.13 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 0.63 lakh ha Production 11.50 lakh
tonnes
Problems
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Transportation and transaction costs are
prohibitively high for a small farmer
Lack of irrigation infrastructure
Lack of post harvest, processing and marketing
infrastructure
Orissa
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Horticulture Scenario
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Area and production of horticulture crops
1257.4 lakh ha 9975.9 lakh tonnes
respectively
Fruits Area 2.65 lakh ha prod 12.75 lakh
tonnes
Vegetables Area 6.60 lakh ha Production 82.14
lakh tonnes
Spices 1.47 lakh ha Production 1.99 lakh
tonnes
Problems
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Lack of irrigation facilities in dry land and
rainfed areas
Lack of agro processing, post harvest and
marketing facilities
Lack of quality planting material
Declining land ownership
Sikkim
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Horticulture Scenario
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Most potential crops-Sikkim Orange, Large Cardamom,
Ginger, Bird’s Eye chilli
Area and production of horticulture crops 12.20 lakh ha
198.21 lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 0.92 lakh ha prod 0.14 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 0.20 lakh ha Production 0.95 lakh tonnes
Spices 15.56 lakh ha Production 5.20 lakh tonnes
Problems
Sikkim suffers from horticulture research backup, as there
is no Agriculture College or University with the exception
of ICAR sub-center and Spices Board
Lack of irrigation facility
Lack of food processing and value addition facilities
Mizoram
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Horticulture Scenario
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Out of the cultivable area, potential area for horticultural activities
is found to be 6.31 lakh hectares, which consist of gentle to
moderate slope
Area and production of horticulture crops 1.01 lakh ha 6.85 lakh
tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 0.22 lakh ha prod 2.19 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 0.01 lakh ha Production 0.37 lakh tonnes
Problems
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Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation)
Non-availability of Quality Planting Material
Lack of awareness about the potentiality of horticultural crop as
commercial crops
Lack of irrigation facility, production and marketing infrastructure
Lack of food processing and value addition facilities
Lack of awareness of new technology
Difficult transportation
Lack of research and development facilities
Assam
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Horticulture Scenario
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Horticulture play a crucial role in the states economy
About 90% of the farmer belongs to small and marginal group,
the average operational holding being 1.37 hectares.
Area and production of horticulture crops 5.83 lakh ha 60.89 lakh
tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 1.22 lakh ha prod 14.10 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 3.28 lakh ha Production 44.74 lakh tonnes
Problems
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Non-availability of Quality Planting Material
Lack of awareness about the potentiality of horticultural crop as
commercial crops
Lack of irrigation facility
Lack of production and marketing infrastructure
Undulated topography and small land holdings
Lack of food processing and value addition facilities
Lack of awareness of new technology
Meghalaya
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Horticulture Scenario
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Meghalaya has a lot of potential for horticulture development
Potential crops- Ginger, Turmeric, Passion fruit, Orange
Area and production of horticulture crops 100.9 lakh ha 679.5
lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 0.28 lakh ha prod 2.34 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 0.42 lakh ha Production 3.45 lakh tonnes
Spices Area 0.18 lakh ha Production 0.83 lakh tonnes
Problems
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Non-availability of Quality Planting Material
Lack of awareness about the potentiality of horticultural crop as
commercial crops
Lack of irrigation facility
Lack of production and marketing infrastructure
Undulated topography and small land holdings
Lack of food processing and value addition facilities
Lack of awareness of new technology
Nagaland
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Horticulture Scenario
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Horticulture crops covers 9.95% of the gross cropped
area .
Of the 58370 ha. under culturable wasteland and 157210
ha. under permanent fallow, an estimated 29lakh ha could
be developed under horticultural crops
Area and production of horticulture crops 0.27 lakh ha
1.44 lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 0.11 lakh ha prod 0.53 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 0.10 lakh ha Production 0.63 lakh tonnes
Problems
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Lack of post-harvest technology and storage facilities;
inadequate transport and communication
Absence of proper marketing and infrastructure facilities
has further hampered
West Bengal
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Horticulture Scenario
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Largest producer of pineapple
The state is also the second largest producer of potato
and lychee.
Area and production of horticulture crops 16.58 lakh ha
256.65 lakh tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 1.94 lakh ha prod 27.66 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 13.13 lakh ha Production 224.56 lakh
tonnes
Problems
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Lack of irrigation facilities in dry land and rainfed areas
Lack of agro processing facilities
Lack of quality planting material
Declining land ownership
Haryana
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Horticulture Scenario
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Due to close proximity to National Capital and better
infrastructure facilities existing in the State
Favorable climate for production of quality spices, Kinnow,
Sapota, Mango, Aonla, Guava, Ber
Area and production of horticulture crops 3.20 lakh ha 36.18 lakh
tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 0.33 lakh ha prod 2.40 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 2.74 lakh ha Production 32.77 lakh tonnes
Problems
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Water scarcity
Lesser-availability of quality seeds of vegetable and spices and
quality planting material of fruits
Poor post harvest management and marketing facilities like cold
storage, pre-cooling and waxing centers, processing units etc
Lack of farmer training programmes for horticulture
Madhya Pradesh
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Horticulture Scenario
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Horticulture crop covers 2.6% of the gross cropped area in the
State
Area and production of horticulture crops 4.72 lakh ha 45.25 lakh
tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 0.46 lakh ha prod 12.37 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 2.09 lakh ha Production 29.19 lakh tonnes
Problems
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There is inadequate power supply in many parts of the state
The linkage between farmers and R&D institutions is currently
weak.
There is low focus on post harvest management and facilities like
cold storage, pre-cooling and waxing centers, processing units
etc.
The marketing channels are not well developed
This is limited focus on farmer training programmes for
horticulture.
There is a lack of awareness on Hi-tech horticulture / quality
consciousness among growers
Dwindling water resources
Jharkhand
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Horticulture Scenario
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The horticulture scenario of the State is not very good
Cropped area is only 22 lakh hectares
Area and production of horticulture crops 16.23 lakh ha 115.41 lakh
tonnes respectively
Fruits Area 0.37 lakh ha prod 3.82 lakh tonnes
Vegetables Area 2.38 lakh ha Production 36.39 lakh tonnes
Problems
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The technology available at the state level was in operation at district
level also.
The linkage between farmers and R&D institutions is currently weak.
There is low focus on post harvest management and facilities like cold
storage, pre-cooling and waxing centers, processing units etc.
The marketing channels are not well developed
This is limited focus on farmer training programmes for horticulture.
There is a lack of awareness on Hi-tech horticulture / quality
consciousness among growers
Problems in appropriate income
realization
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Pre-Harvest:
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Inadequate planning regarding planting and
harvesting dates.
Growing cultivars that mature when market
prices are lowest.
Use of poor quality planting materials.
Indiscriminate fertilizer use
Use of flooding as an irrigation method
Poor orchard and field sanitation practices
Lack of orchard management
Lack of IPM
Harvesting & Curing
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Harvesting at inappropriate maturity
Use of rough and/or unsanitary field containers.
Rough handling, dropping or throwing produce,
fingernail punctures.
No use of support
Leaving long or sharp stems on harvested
produce
Long exposure to direct sun after
harvesting. Over-packing of field containers
Lack of curing or improper curing of root and
tuber crops before storage
Improper drying of bulb crops
Packing house operations
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Lack of proper sorting
Lack of cleaning, washing or sanitation
Rough handling
Improper trimming
Misuse of post harvest treatments (over-waxing,
misuse of hot water dips for pest management)
Inadequate concentrations of chlorine in wash water
Use of inappropriate chemicals or misuse of registered
compounds
Long delays without cooling
Lack of accepted and/or implemented quality grades or
standards for commodities
Lack of quality inspection
Packing and Packaging Material
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Use of flimsy or rough packing containers
Lack of liners in rough baskets or wooden crates
Over-use of packing materials intended to cushion
produce (causing interference with ventilation)
Containers designed without adequate ventilation
Over-loading containers
Use of containers that are too large to provide
adequate product protection
Misuse of films for Modified Atmosphere
Packaging (MAP)
Over-reliance on MAP versus appropriate
temperature management
Cooling and Storage
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General lack of cooling during packing, transport, storage or
marketing of fruits or vegetables
Inadequate monitoring of temperature and chlorine levels in
hydro-cooler water
General lack of storage facilities on-farm or at wholesale or
retail markets in developing countries
Lack of ventilation and cooling in existing on-farm facilities
Poor sanitation
Inadequate management of temperature and relative
humidity (RH) in larger scale storages
Over-loading of cold stores
Stacking produce too high for container strength
Mixing lots of produce with different temperature/RH
requirements
Lack of regular inspections for pest problems,
temperature/RH management
Transportation
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Over-loading vehicles.
Use of bulk transport or poor quality packages
leading to compression damage.
Lack of adequate ventilation during transport.
Lack of air suspensions on transport vehicles.
Rough handling during loading
Lack of cooling during delays.
Ethylene damage and/or chilling injury resulting
from transporting mixed loads
Destination handling
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Rough handling during unloading
Lack of sorting, poor sanitation, improper
disposal of culls.
Improper de-greening of citrus crops and
misuse of ripening practices.
Lack of protection from direct sun during
direct marketing.
Open horticultural markets exposed to
sun, wind, dust and rain.
Over-cooling in supermarket displays of
chilling-injury susceptible produce
Integrated Post Harvest Centre
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Need
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The production of fruits and vegetables is significant
only when they reach the consumer in good
condition at a reasonable price
Considerable gap between the gross production and
net availability of fruits & vegetables due to heavy
post harvest losses
The success of production lies in:
 Loss reduction
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Prevention of market gluts
Proper distribution of the produce
Subsequent use
100% utilization of the production
To bring quality awareness
Adoption of low cost processing/ preservation
technique
Integrated Post Harvest Centre
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Aims & Objectives
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Act as light house to the small and marginal
farmers
Communicate the latest technical knowledge
Reduce post harvest losses for increasing
farmer income by using low cost
technologies
Establishment of basic infrastructure in value
chain
Promote fruits and vegetable preservation
and processing by awareness campaign,
orientation of farmer groups/associations,
training and exposure visits
Act as training centre for farmers/ growers,
small traders & entrepreneurs
Act as a common facility for small and
marginal farmers on payment basis
Integrated Post Harvest Management
Harvesting
Fresh Marketing
Cattle
Feed
Processing
Packing station
Processed products. Canned, frozen, Dried, Pulps, Beverages,
Ketchups, Sauces etc
Wastes
Sorting, grading & primary processing
e.g.
Trimming, removal of undesirable
parts
Cull/damaged
Value added
products
Pre-treatments
Minimal
Processing
.
Waste: Seed,
peel, Pomace
etc.
Value added products e.g. Food
colours, enzymes, essences, Pectins
etc
Animal feed
Waxing, antisprouting fungicide treatments, ripening,
fumigation, VHTetc.
Bulk packaging
(Pallet bins)
Unit packaging
Palletization
Pre-cooling
Cold Storage for future
marketing
Reefer
van
container
/
Transport for Wholesale/Retail
marketing
Proposed infrastructural facilities
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Collection and sorting unit
Integrated pack house with primary and
minimal processing facilities
Low cost evaporative cool chamber
Cold room
Transport Vehicle (Evaporatively cooled) – 2
Ton Capacity
Low cost processing/preservation unit
Solar Drier
Laboratory Facilities
Estimated budget- Rs. 50 lacs
Potential Partners
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NERAMAC- North Eastern Regional Agricultural
Marketing Corporation Ltd. Contact- Shri S.
Bhattacharjee Phone:+91 361 2341427
IFFCO-Contact- Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited Dr. U.S. Awasthi
Ph. 011-42592626,26542625
NHRDF- National Horticulture Research and
Development Foundation-Dr. R. P. Gupta- Ph02550-237816, 237551, 202422
Indian Institute of Packaging Contact- Mr. Mohan
Singh Kathayat Ph- 022-22166703
Potential Partners (contd..)
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APEDA- Agricultural and Processed
Product Export Development AuthorityShri Asit Tripathi- 91-11-26513204
NHB- National Horticulture Board Shri
Bijay Kumar Ph-0124-2342992, 2343414
HARC-Himalayan Action and Research
Centre Ph-Contact- Mahendra Singh
Kunwar 91-135-2760121
State Agriculture Universities
IVRI- Indian Vegetable Research
Institute-Contact- Dr. Mathura Rai-910542-2635247
Participatory NGOs
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Himalayan Environmental Studies &
Conservation Organization Dr. Anil
P. Joshi Ph- 0135-2642391
Madhya Pradesh Vigyan Sahba, Dr.
Ajay Kumar 0755-2738681
Society for Technology &
Development Ph- 01905-246154
Model Projects (Solar drying)
Solar drying of fruits and vegetables under polyethylene
cover retains better quality compared to open sun
drying
Retention of Chlorophyll
Total chlorophyll
35
30
25
Sun dried under black
polyethylene
20
Open sun drying
15
10
5
0
Sun dried under black
polyethylene
Open sun drying
Retention of 𝛽-carotene (Pro-Vitamin A)
3.5
3
2.5
Sun dried under black
polyethylene
2
Open sun dried
1.5
1
0.5
0
Sun dried under black
polyethylene
Open sun dried
Utilization of leafy portion of certain
vegetables
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It is known that leafy vegetables can be rich
consolidated sources of micronutrients such as
calcium, iron carotene and vitamin-C compared
to other vegetables.
It will not be out of place to highlight that the
leafy portion of some of the important vegetables
are rejected and fleshy portion are consumed
regularly without knowing that a rich source of
micronutrients such as calcium, iron, vitamin-C
and carotene is being discarded (Details on
continuing slide)
When half of World’s under nourished live in Asia
how can India afford to lose this valuable as
waste.
This entire leafy portion can be suitably solar
dried and used in food fortification.
Nutrient value of leafy vegetable
Colocasia
Colocasia leaves
Drumstick
Drumstick leaves
Knol khol
Knol-khol green
Radish
Radish leaves
Turnip
Turnip green
Calcium
Mg/100g
40
227
40
440
20
740
35
265
30
710
Iron
mg/100g
0.42
10.0
0.18
7.0
1.54
13.5
0.4
3.6
0.4
28.4
Carotene
? g/100g
24
10,278
110
6,780
21
4,146
3
5,295
0
9,396
Vitamin-C
mg/100g
0
12
120
220
85
157
15
81
43
180
Fiber
Pulp
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Utilization of Mango Waste
Mango processing industry produces 40-50% waste which constitutes peel, fibre and stone during
processing (Plate 15).
The valuable waste, if not properly utilized can create lots of environmental problems.
Methods can be standardized to take water extract pulp adhered to peel, fibre and stone.
The water extract (containing pulp) thus obtained are utilized for making different mango products
viz nectar, ready to serve beverage, mango wine, vinegar etc.
The peel and stone free from adhered pulp could also be utilized for making various value added
products like starch, pectin, dietary fibre, fat, flour etc.
On the basis of the result obtained it is very useful to utilize the wastage generated during
processing of mango.
This approach will add value, reduce cost of processed products, prevent environmental pollution,
generate employment, increase income of processer/farmer and thereby bring ultimate benefit to the
country.
AMITY participatory institutions
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Amity Institute of Rural Management has adopted 28
villages in Haryana and 40 in Madhya Pradesh under “Providing
Urban Amenities In Rural Areas (PURA) ” scheme promoted
by the Former President of India, Dr. A.P.J. Kalam. This
Institute has already organized two international study tours to
Australia and New Zealand for farmers and agricultural officers
in agricultural marketing .
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, has well
established, internationally acclaimed Centre on symbiotic
mycorrhiza for augmenting yields in various crops.
Amity Centre for Bio-Control & Plant Disease
Management is actively involved in demonstration and training
of farmers on their fields in the area of soil amendment for
control of nematodes and other fungal diseases.
Amity Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Safety and
Management is working on a project funded by the Ministry of
Environment & Forest which deals with pesticide residues on
vegetables cultivated in National Capital Region besides ground
water contamination caused by seepage of sewage and city
municipal waste.
Amity Institute of Biotechnology is running several
projects related to genetic engineering in crop plants.
AMITY participatory institutions
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Amity Institute of Food Technology is fully equipped to handle all
aspects of Food Processing through use of pilot plants etc.
Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture has developed a strong
linkage with farmers by organizing nearly 20 training and
demonstration programs in which Postharvest Technology was one
of the themes. These programs have been funded by the Central
Government.
Amity Centre for Extension Services is being funded by Uttar
Pradesh, Department of Horticulture for organizing workshops
/trainings to the farmers of District of Ghaziabad under its
Agricultural Technology Management Agency. (ATMA) One such
program is going to be held in November in which 100 farmers of
District Ghaziabad will be participating in a one day program
dealing with nutritive values of fruits and vegetables, minimizing
postharvest losses and marketing supported under UP DASP.
Under Amity Science, Technology & Innovation Foundation, Dr.
Kuldeep Singh, a renowned soil scientist is already conducting soil
testing for nutrient for farmers of District of Gautam Budh Nagar
targeting NPK as well as micronutrients.
Amity Institute of Bio-Organic Research & Studies is working
on an effective method for controlling diseases caused by Alternaria
species