The Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator
Predicting Observable
Behavior
Class
Writing
Activity
• MBTI = preference
• We can operate out of all
16 types
• Live more comfortably less stress
SO WHAT IS THE MBTI ?
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is
a tool for understanding our own
Personality Type and that of
others.
Different does not equal “wrong.”
Indicator - not test
No “right” or “wrong” answers
“Normal” behavior ... not under
duress or substance
Preferences...not competencies,
skills, or intelligence
None is better or worse than
another
History of the MBTI
Was developed by Katherine C. Briggs and her
daughter Isabel Myers
Started in 1920s and after rigorous research,
validity, and reliability testing, it was published in
1975
Translated into 16 languages and taken by over
2 million people per year
Based on the work of Swiss psychologist Carl
Jung, who described personality type preferences.
Carl Jung’s
Theory of
Psychological
Types
Is perception reality?
THEORY BEHIND MBTI
Perception
Subjective vs. Objective
Judgment
Orientation
Conclusions
MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE
INDICATOR SCALE
E......………orientation of energy.…….……..I
S……....… assimilate information …..……..N
T…..….… arriving at conclusions ……….....F
J….......…lifestyle orientation ………….......P
___________________________________________
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
People who prefer
Extroversion…
People who prefer
Introversion…
Focus their energy Focus their energy
and attention
and attention
outwardly
inwardly
Are interested in
Are interested in
the world of people
the world of
and things
thoughts and
reflections
Receive energy
from interacting
Receive energy
with people and
from within
from taking action
themselves
Interesting Tendencies I vs. E
• Americans are equally divided
• Extroverts “usually” talk more &
louder
• Strong cultural bias in favor of
extroverts
Communication Styles
Extroversion
Communicate energy
and enthusiasm
Seek opportunities to
talk with groups
Prefer face-to-face
rather than email
Talk about people &
things in external
environment
Introversion
Keep energy and enthusiasm
inside
Seek to communicate one-onone
Prefer written communication
or email over face-to-face
Verbalize ideas only that have
been thought through
Work Preferences
Extroversion
Like participating actively
Often impatient with long,
slow jobs or tasks
Develop ideas by talking
with others
Like having people
around and working in
teams
Introversion
Like quiet and private space
for conversation & work
Like to think before they act,
sometimes not acting
Develop ideas alone through
quiet reflection
Like working by themselves,
or occasionally in small
groups
Shyness vs. Introversion
Shy
Introvert
Not Shy
Extrovert
Extroverts see Introverts as:
secretive, too private
impersonal and unfriendly
withholding and self-absorbed
slow and uncooperative
socially awkward
Introverts see Extroverts as:
too talkative, shoot from the hip
intrusive and pushy
superficial and disingenuous
hyperactive and overwhelming
rude and bossy
MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE
INDICATOR SCALE
E……………orientation of energy ….………….I
S…………assimilate information ……………..N
T……………arriving at conclusions …………..F
J……………lifestyle orientation ……………....P
_______________________________________________
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
People who prefer
People who prefer
Sensation…
iNtuition…
Prefer to take in
information using
their 5 senses sight, sound, feel,
smell and taste
Details people
S’s can see the
trees but not the
forest
Go beyond what is
real or concrete
and focus on
meanings,
associations and
relationships
Big Picture people
N’s can see the
forest but not the
trees
Interesting Tendencies S vs. N
• Sensors= 65% of
population...at
least.
• Intuitives= 35%
of population...at
most.
Communication Styles
Sensing
Intuition
Like facts, evidence
presented first
Likes global schemes, with
broad issues 1st
Rely on direct experience
to provide information
Use insight and imagination
as information and anecdotes
Use orderly, step-by-step
approach in conversations
Rely on a round-about
approach in conversations
Like suggestions to be
straightforward & feasible
Like suggestions to be novel
and unusual
In meetings, prefer to stick
with the agenda
In meetings, use agenda as a
starting point
Work Preferences
Sensing
Intuition
Like using experience and
standard ways on problems
Like solving, new, complex
problems
Seldom make errors of fact,
but may ignore inspirations
Seldom ignore insights, but
may overlook facts, details
Prefer to do things with a
practical bent
Like to do things with an
innovative bent
Enjoy applying skills
already perfected
Enjoy the challenge of
learning something new
Proceed step-by-step
accurately estimating time
needed
Proceed in bursts of energy,
following inspirations as time
goes by
Sensors see Intuitives as:
flighty and erratic
unrealistic
impractical
having their head in the clouds
too complicated and theoretical
Intuitives see Sensors as:
unimaginative and uncreative
boring, resistant to new things
stodgy, sticks-in-the-mud
lacking vision
simplistic
MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE
INDICATOR SCALE
E……………orientation of energy ……………...I
S……………assimilate information …………...N
T……………arriving at conclusions ………...…F
J……………lifestyle orientation ……………......P
_______________________________________________
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
People who prefer
Thinking…
Make their
decisions based
on impersonal,
objective logic
Mentally remove
themselves from a
situation to
examine pros and
cons
People who prefer
Feeling…
Make their decisions
based on a personcentred, value-based
process
Mentally placed
themselves into the
situation to identify
with everyone so as
to make decisions
Interesting Tendencies T vs. F
Gender
bias
– 65% of men =
Thinkers
(Objective
Decision-makers)
– 65% of women =
Feelers
(Subjective
Decision-makers)
Communication Styles
Thinking
Efficiency a premium
Want pros and cons
presented for each issue
Convinced by cool,
impersonal reasoning
Present goals and
objectives first
In meetings, seek
involvement with the task
first
Feeling
Prefer to be personable and
in agreement
Want to know alternative’s
impact on people & values
Convinced by personal
authenticity
Present points of agreement
first
In meetings, seek involvement
with people first
before
taking on task
Work Preferences
Thinking
Feeling
Use logical analysis to
reach conclusions
Use values to reach
conclusions
Can work without harmony,
focusing on task
Work best in harmony, focus
is on people
Upset people at times by
overlooking their emotions
Enjoy meeting people's
needs, even in small matters
Decide impersonally, sometimes ignoring people's
wishes
Decisions influenced by their
own and others' likes and
dislikes
Tend to be firm-minded and
ready to offer critiques
Are sympathetic and dislike,
even avoid, telling people
unpleasant things
Thinkers see Feelers as:
illogical
over-emotional
weak
hysterical
irrational
Feelers see Thinkers as:
cold
insensitive
uncaring
inhumane
hard-hearted
MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE
INDICATOR SCALE
E…………… orientation of energy ……………..I
S…………… assimilate information …………..N
T…………… arriving at conclusions …….……F
J…………. lifestyle orientation ……………......P
_______________________________________________
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
People who prefer
Judging…
People who prefer
Perceiving…
 Like to live in a
Like to live in a
flexible, spontaneous
planned, orderly
way seeking to
way
experience life
Like to make
decisions, come to  Final decisions feel
confining to them
closure and then
 Prefer to stay open to
move on
new information and
Lives tend to be
last-minute options
structured and
organized
Interesting Tendencies J vs. P
• 60 % Judgers
• 40% Perceivers
• Cultural
preference for
Judging behavior
Communication Styles
Judging
Want to agree on schedules,
timetables & deadlines
Dislike surprises and want
advance warning
Perceiving
Resist tight deadlines,
unchangeable schedules
Enjoy surprises, adapt to lastminute changes easily
Expect others to follow thru;
they count on this
Expect others to respond to
situational requirements
State their positions and
decisions as final
Present their views as
tentative and modifiable
In meetings, concentrate on
task completion
In meetings, concentrate
more on process being used
Work Preferences
Judging
Perceiving
Work best when they can
plan their work and work
their plan
Want flexibility in their work
Enjoy organizing and
finishing tasks
Focus on what needs to be
completed, ignoring
everything else
Sometimes decide quickly in
their desire for closure
Use lists to prompt action
on specific tasks
Enjoy starting tasks and
leaving them open for lastminute changes
Feel comfortable staying
open to new experiences,
not wanting to miss anything
Postpone decisions because
of search for more options
Use lists to remind of
possible things to do if time
allows
Judgers see Perceivers as:
lazy and/or unproductive
chronically late; miss important
deadlines
not serious enough
irresponsible and unreliable
procrastinators; incapable of making
decisions
Perceivers see Judgers as:
rigid and unyielding
inflexible and stubborn
controlling
regard things as too black and white
Review your MBTI
See how close to actual
score
Type yourself and others
Enhance leadership Skills
MBTI
Concepts for Living
• Understanding and
Using Archetypes
What is an Archetype?
• Type or pattern
• Human Blueprints — Carl
Jung
• Expressions of Character
Purpose: Archetypes
• Effectiveness
• Self-awareness
• Mastery over choices
• Tolerance
The Four
Temperament
Archetypes
• We all operate out of
• an Archetype…and
sometimes two…
What is your MBTI
Archetype?
• If your score contains SJ = Guardian
• If your score contains SP = Artisan
• If your score contains NF = Idealist
• If your score contains NT = Rational
Guardian
About 40-45% of the population
• Home/family/Society = Guardian
life
• Cautious
• Societal Cornerstones
• Upholding societal institutions
Four Types of Guardians
• Supervisor ESTJ
Rockefeller, Billy Graham, Lucy (fict.)
• Inspector ISTJ
George Washington, Evander Holyfield, Eeyore (fict.)
• Provider ESFJ
Bill Clinton, Terry Bradshaw, Donald Duck (fict.)
• Protector ISFJ
Robert E. Lee, Seinfeld, Johnny Carson, Dr. Watson
(fict.)
GUARDIANS
ESTJ – high energy, decisive, quick to come to logical
conclusions; can be blunt, insensitive; take charge, but can
be domineering; “Cut to the chase” “What’s the bottom
line?”
ISTJ – quiet, but strong-willed; conservative, thorough &
meticulous; cautious, hesitant facing change; private about
personal life; “Step by step” “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”
ESFJ – friendly, outgoing, helpful to others; emotions on
sleeve, demonstrative; dichotomous, speak with great
conviction; “Here’s how I feel about it” “How do you usually
do this?”
ISFJ – quiet, modest, helping; avoid spotlight, work behind
scenes; memory for details; follow rules and expectations;
unassertive; “You have my word” “May I share something
with you?”
Artisan
About 35-40% of the population
• Free and spontaneous
• Artful action
• Hands-on
Four Types of Artisans
• Promoter
ESTP
Hemingway, Eddie Murphy, Bruce Willis, Michael J.
Fox
• Crafter
ISTP
James Dean, Clint Eastwood, Burt Reynolds
• Performer ESFP
Arsenio Hall, Woody Harrelson, Steve Irwin
• Composer
ISFP
Marilyn Monroe, Michael Jackson, Paul McCartney,
Kevin Costner, John Travolta
ARTISANS
ESTP – gregarious, outgoing, energetic & active; enjoy
spotlight; spontaneous, love good time; casual, like variety;
“I’m game if you are” “Far easier to beg forgiveness than
ask permission”
ISTP – quiet, reserved, independent; prefer working with
things; prefer physical situation to social; high need for
freedom; “Live and let live” “I’ll let you alone to work on that”
ESFP – warm, friendly, approachable; easygoing, enjoy
people; highly observant: prefer action and having fun; seen
as very busy; lot of activities; “A bunch of us are going…”
“Having a lousy day, cheer me up!”
ISFP – gentle, soft-spoken, modest; extremely sensitive &
nurturing; easygoing & relaxed; seek harmony, pleasing
others; avoid confrontations; “You are very thoughtful”
“Take your time, I’ll wait for you”
Idealists
About 8-10% of the population
• Personal growth temperament
• Bettering themselves and others
• Concerned with the greater good
The Four Types of Idealists
• Teacher ENFJ
Lincoln, Reagan, Maslow, Oprah
• Counselor INFJ
Carter, King, Billy Crystal, Mel Gibson
• Champion ENFP
Mark Twain, Bill Cosby, Robin Williams
• Healer INFP
Shakespeare, JFK
IDEALISTS
ENFJ – friendly, talkative, articulate; touch often, tho
appropriately; love discussing personal issues; charismatic,
persuasive; sensitive to criticism; “Let me share how I feel”
“I love to give compliments”
INFJ – complex, creative with strong convictions; reserved,
uncomfortable in social settings; thoughtful, idea people; like
working 1-on-1; “”What do you feel is the right thing to do?” “I’m
looking for a creative solution”
ENFP – energized by new ideas; outgoing, friendly, talkative;
love being around people; irreverent, insatiably curious;
scattered, jump from thought to thought; “I’ve got a great
idea” “There’s someone I’d like you to meet”
INFP – extremely sensitive, feel things deeply; forgetful,
seemingly unconcerned with details of daily living;
thoughtful, soft-spoken; “What feels right for you?” “No rush,
take your time”
Rational
About 1-2 % of the population
• Technology can overcome obstacles
• How does this work?
• How do you do that?
• How do you build that?
• Early interest in solving problems
• Patterns
Four Types of Rationals
• Field Marshal ENTJ
Roosevelt, Nixon, Harrison Ford, Steve Martin,
Letterman
• Mastermind INTJ
Dan Akroyd, Chevy Chase, Schwarzenegger, Jefferson
• Inventor ENTP
Carlin, Weird Al, Hitchcock, Dangerfield
• Architect INTP
Socrates, Newton, Tiger Woods
RATIONALS
ENTJ – take-charge; friendly, outgoing, high energy; quick
learns, exude confidence; organized, decisive; creative,
innovative; over-powering at times; “Damn the torpedoes,
full speed ahead” “Who’s in charge here?”
INTJ – most independent; quiet, reserved, cool, formal; avoid
spotlight & excessive praise; intellectual, spend time in deep
thought; diplomatic; perfectionists; “”What are the long-range
implications?” “With all due respect”
ENTP – charming, charismatic, flirtatious; enthusiastic,
energetic, love people; creative, always working on new
scheme; curious, observant, highly perceptive; “Let’s
brainstorm some ideas” “This may be off the wall, but…”
INTP – intensely private, highly selective in sharing
themselves; strategic thinkers, analytical; may appear
detached, aloof; loners, love data, computers; “Would you
give this some thought?” “I respect your privacy on this”
Well-Known Examples
the Four Temperaments
Artisans
Guardians
Well-Known Examples
the Four Temperaments
Rationals
Idealists
Archetypes in Harry Potter
The Four Houses
Using Archetypes
• maximizing potential
• do you tend towards linear
thinking and order or not?
Using Archetypes
• Sensors, Thinkers, and
Judgers tend towards linear
thinking and order
• Intuitives, Feelers, and
Perceivers tend towards less
linear/order
MBTI Types and Stress
• For every
temperament there
are strengths…and
weaknesses under
extreme stress…
MBTI Types and Stress
Rationals
• ENTJ – Feeling, Introversion
• ENTP – Sensing, Introversion
• INTP – Feeling, Extroversion
• INTJ – Sensing, Extroversion
MBTI Types and Stress
Rational characteristics
• ENTJ – Impatience, intolerance,
hypersensitivity, incompetence, feeling
depressed
• ENTP – Exhaustion, fixation on negative
details, hypochondria, withdrawal, imposition
on others
• INTP – Over-concern for inconsequential
matters, using unclear evidence to support
conclusions, attacking others or becoming
physically ill
• INTJ – stubbornness, overindulgence of
sensation, feeling adversarial
MBTI Types and Stress
Idealists
• INFJ – Sensation, Extroversion
• INFP – Thinking, Extroversion
• ENFP – Sensing, Introversion
• ENFJ – Thinking, Introversion
MBTI Types and Stress
Idealist characteristics
• INFJ – stubbornness, overindulgence of
sensation, feeling adversarial
• INFP – Harsh, emotional outburst, over
intellectualizing, need for control, focus on
negatives of others
• ENFP – Exhaustion, fixation on negative details,
hypochondria, withdrawal, imposition on others
• ENFJ – Categorical statements of truth,
becoming inarticulate, moody, sarcastic
criticism
MBTI Types and Stress
Artisans
• ISTP – Feeling, Extroversion
• ISFP – Thinking,
Extroversion
• ESTP & ESFP – Intuition,
Introversion
MBTI Types and Stress
Artisan characteristics
• ISTP – Over-concern for inconsequential
matters, using unclear evidence to support
conclusions, attacking others or becoming
physically ill
• ISFP – Harsh, emotional outburst, over
intellectualizing, need for control, focus on
negatives of others
• ESTP & ESFP – Internal confusion, off the
wall theorizing, paralysis
MBTI Types and Stress
Guardians
• ISTJ & ISFJ – Intuition,
Extroversion
• ESTJ – Feeling, Introversion
• ESFJ – Thinking,
Introversion
MBTI Types and Stress
Guardian characteristics
• ISTJ & ISFJ – Negativity,
hopelessness, feeling unappreciated
or overwhelmed
• ESTJ – Impatience, intolerance,
hypersensitivity, incompetence,
feeling depressed
• ESFJ – Categorical statements of
truth, becoming inarticulate, moody,
sarcastic criticism
The Forer Effect
–Remember that the MBTI does
not make us...we make the
MBTI.
–Be careful not to “fulfill the
prophecy,” unless, of
course....you want to use it as a
tool for constructive change...
MBTI stats: General Population
• Roughly, depending on
survey
–Rationals 1-2%
–Idealists 8-10%
–Artisans 35-40%
–Guardians 40-50%
MBTI stats: Full Sail
• GD, CA, DAD
–Rationals 38%
–Idealists 37%
–Artisans 9%
–Guardians 8%
--splits 8%
MBTI stats: General Population
• Roughly, depending on
survey
– Extroverts 50-75%,
Introverts 25-50%
– Sensors 65%, iNtuitives
35%
– Thinkers 50%, Feelers 50%
– Judgers 60%, Perceivers
40%
MBTI stats: Full Sail
• GD, CA, DAD
– Extroverts 41%, Introverts
59%
– Sensors 16%, iNtuitives
76%
(S/N 8%)
– Thinkers 52%, Feelers 45%
(T/F 3%)
– Judgers 29%, Perceivers
69%
(J/P 2%)
Most Common Types
at Full Sail
Inventor/Designer (INTP)
17.3%
Proponent/Advocate
(INFP)
13.3%
Proponent/Messenger
(ENFP)
14.2%
Inventor/Improvisor
(ENTP)
9.1%
Director/Strategist (INTJ)
6.8%
Most Common Types
at Full Sail
MBTI fun: Idealists
ENFJ: "Busybody"
Life's backseat drivers. They seem to know just what's wrong with
everybody else's life and have a plan to fix it.
INFJ: "Messiah"
Characterized by the burning desire to change the world, which
desperately needs everyone to be an NF.
ENFP: "Muckraker"
Creator of hype, distortion, and perversion of media information
into wallows of mindless emotionalism.
INFP: "Fanatic"
Always searching for an Answer with a capital A. Unlike the INFJ,
they are usually openminded enough to realize the current one
isn't good enough after a few years.
MBTI fun: Rationals
ENTJ: "Tyrant"
Knows better than everyone how things should be done and works
tirelessly to obtain the power to make it happen that way.
INTJ: "Crackpot"
All facts which don't fit their theories are just wrong. The more allencompassing and less applicable to reality the theories, the
better.
ENTP: "Frankenstein"
The salvation of the world is to be found in this new nanotronic
frannistan, of which he or she just happens to have an almostworking model...
INTP: "Nerd"
What? you mean people actually talk to each other using mouths
and ears instead of keyboards????
MBTI fun: Artisans
ESTP: "Beer Drinker"
Loud, crude, plays team sports, kisses and tells. These are the
people beer commercials are made for.
ESFP: "Clown"
Always the class troublemaker, they have no respect for anybody
or anything. Good at snide wisecracks.
ISTP: "Assassin"
Hates people, and is good at killing them. Young ISTP's are good
at killing pictures of people in video games.
ISFP: "Snob"
Revels in the elaborate sensations of wine and paintings and
music that are completely indistinguishable to ordinary people.
Likes flowers.
MBTI fun: Guardians
ESTJ: "Stuffed Shirt"
No imagination, no flexibility, no common sense, no capacity
for tolerance of others with different priorities.
ISTJ: "Bean Counter"
Like the ESTJ but with less vision.
ESFJ: "Gossip"
Like the Busybody, but characterized by the urge to
backstab instead of trying to help.
ISFJ: "Sidekick"
Doesn't need much meaning in life, just a person (or baby or
pet or car) to spend all their time ministering to.
Class Exercise
Get in lab groups
Review interpretations
Prepare brief profile summary
– What is your archetype?
– What do you bring to the group? (strengths)
– What are your weaknesses? (Where do you
need help from the rest of the group?)
Share your summary with group – discuss roles in re
profile
Works Cited
Isachsen, Olaf and Linda Berens. Working
Together: A Personality-Centered Approach to
Management. San Juan: Institute for
Management Development, 1988.
Tieger, Paul D. and Barbara BarronTieger. The Art of Speed Reading People. New
York: Little, Brown, and Co., 1998.