Caring for
individuals with
additional needs
Unit 26
Definitions of disability
and dependency models
Lesson Objectives
• Describe the medical and social
models of disability.
• Recognise the impact of these
models on the individual and on
service provision.
• Describe the theory of
normalisation/social role valorisation.
• Describe a holistic approach to care.
P2\P3 Assignment Task
In your role as a health and social care professional in a day
centre you
have been asked to prepare a booklet to explain to new
volunteers
working with people with additional needs:
• the models of disability
• the barriers which affect the lives of individuals with additional
needs.
You should produce an information booklet that describes
models of
disability and an explanation of the barriers which affect the
lives of
individuals.
In your booklet you should make use of visual imagery as
appropriate.
M1 Assignment Task
• To achieve the M1 grade, you should
extend the information provided in
your booklet produced for P2 and P3.
You should assess the barriers that
you have explained which may be
experienced by individuals with
additional needs and relate these to
the models of disability that you
have described
Rachel’s Story
Rachel’s story
Task:
In small groups put yourselves in the
shoes of a person with additional
needs. In your group create a mind
map of the types of barriers that you
might experience in all aspects of
your life.
Barriers experienced by
people with disabilities
Discrimination
Lack of Choice
Financial
Employment Chances
BARRIERS
Physical Access
Cultural
Attitudes
Communication
Task
In your small groups for the rest of the
session you will be researching and
creating a poster for display which
highlights the types of barriers that people
with additional needs face.
You need to give an example for each type
of barrier that you have highlighted
making use of visual images and “real life”
cases wherever possible.
Models of disability
Question:
What is a model?
A human construction or theory which
helps us to understand or make
sense of the real world around us.
Models of disability
• Medical
• Social
• Normalisation
The Medical Model and the
Social Model
Task:
In groups of 3 you need to consider
what are the key words you might
use that relate to service users with
additional needs which might relate
to the medical model/social model of
disability.
You should put these keywords on the
sheets provided.
Impact
What do you think the impact of these
two models might be on the
individual. Put yourself in the
person’s shoes. How do you think
that these models might affect your
life.
Normalisation
• Relates to people with a learning
disability.
“the utilisation of means which are
culturally normative as possible, in
order to establish and/or maintain
personal behaviours and the
characteristics which are as culturally
normative as possible”
Wolfensberger 1972, p28
Normalisation/SRV
• A normal rhythm to the day that fits
into the norms of the particular
society that the person is living in.
• This later became the theory of
Social Role Valorisation in 1983
Normalisation/SRV
•
•
•
•
•
Community Presence
Choice
Competence
Respect
Community Participation
O’Brian and Tyne’s Five Service
Accomplishments (1981) Cited in Emerson
1992.
Holistic Approach to Care
Caring for the WHOLE person taking
into account their:
Physical
Emotional/Psychological
Social
Spiritual
Exercise
Individually think about the theories and
models we have looked at today.
What impact might these theories and
models have on the provision of services?
Think about key words/concepts that would
describe the impact or influence of these
models/theories that services users
receive.