Ideas to help to Inform
GLBT Conversation
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Diversity & Identity
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“We should all make more
of an effort to discuss
with one another, in a
truthful and mature and
responsible way, the
divides that still exist –
the discrimination that’s
still out there, the
prejudices that still hold
us back.”
President Obama
July 29, 2010
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Critical Conversations
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• Are usually the conversations that
you don’t want to have.
– Can make people uncomfortable.
– Can show us where our unconscious
biases are.
– Can challenge our belief system.
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Critical Conversations
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• Are usually the conversations
that people need.
– Can help you gain knowledge,
wisdom and understanding.
– Can be use to resolve and prevent
conflicts.
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•
Terminology
GLBT: Abbreviation for Gay,
Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender.
Also seen as LGBT.
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– Gay: A term given to people of the
same gender who are attracted
sexually and emotionally to each other.
More commonly used to describe male
homosexuals.
– Lesbian: A term given to females who
are attracted sexually and emotionally
to some other females.
– Bisexual: A term given to people who
are attracted sexually and emotionally
to some males and females. Also “bi”.
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• Transgender:
Terminology
– A general, umbrella term given to
people whose gender expression
at least sometimes runs contrary
to what others in the same
culture would normally expect. It
applies to a variety of individuals,
behaviors and groups who vary
from usual gender roles. The
state of one’s gender identity not
matching one’s biological sex
(cross dresser – drag kings &
queens – transsexuals).
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Terminology
• Gender Identity:
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– Our innermost concept of self
as “male” or “female” or what
we perceive and call ourselves.
Individuals are conscious of
this between the ages of 18
months and 3 years. Most
people develop a gender
identity that matches their
biological sex.
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•
Terminology
Transsexuals:
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– Unlike the “general” term
transgender, the word transsexual
has a more precise medical
definition.
– Term given to those who do not
identify with their birth-assigned
genders. There is a discontinuity
between their biological sex and
what they feel their core gender is.
– American Psychiatric Assoc. refers
to this condition as Gender Identity
Disorder (GID).
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Terminology
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• Transsexuals
– Adults and children with GID will
typically withdraw from social
interaction, cross dress, show
habits typical of the opposite sex,
suffer from depression, anxiety
and feelings of isolation.
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Terminology
• Transsexuals
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– May choose social, medical and
legal steps that will help them
achieve the greatest level of comfort
with their gender identity and body.
• Transitioning is the process (not an
event) of changing genders. It may
take several months or several years.
• Sexual reassignment surgery (only
one possible element of transitioning).
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Terminology
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• Transsexuals:
– U.S. Tax Court ruled in February
2010 that hormone therapy and
gender reassignment surgery
are tax deductible because the
procedures are medically
necessary.
Source: O’Donnabhain versus IRS reported via
AOL News (2/3/10)
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Terminology
• Coming
Out (of the closet):
– To be “in the closet” means to hide
one’s identity. Many GLBT people are
“out” in some situations and “closeted”
in others. To “come out” is to publicly
declare one’s identity. Coming Out is a
life long process – in each new situation
a person must decide whether to come
out or not. Parents, friends and coworkers come out of the closet too.
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Terminology
• Conversion Therapy:
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– An attempt to change a person’s sexual
orientation. Also known as a cure for
homosexuality.
• Doesn’t work and may even be
harmful.
• Can produce feelings of depression,
hopelessness, shame and anxiety.
Some people become suicidal.
• The American Psychiatric Association
recommends that “ethical practitioners
refrain from attempts to change
individuals’ sexual orientation.”
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• Homophobia:
Terminology
– Term first used by Dr. George
Weinberg in the late 1960’s to
label heterosexuals’ dread of
being in close quarters with
homosexuals as well as
homosexuals’ self loathing.
(Society and the Healthy
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Homosexual - 1972)
– An aversion to gay or homosexual
people, their lifestyle, culture or
behavior. Irrational fear of
homosexuality. (American Heritage
Dictionary)
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Terminology
• Heterosexism:
– Value system that denies,
denigrates and stigmatizes any
non-heterosexual form of behavior,
identity, relationship or community.
– An “ism” like sexism or racism
where one is considered better
than others.
– Pervades societal customs and
institutions.
– Creates misinformation and
misconceptions.
– Operates through a dual process
of Free
invisibility
attack.
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Terminology
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• Heterosexism (examples)
– Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell
– Lack of legal protections against
antigay discrimination
– Hostility to lesbian and gay committed
relationships
– Misinformation about homosexuality
and the GLBT community.
• It’s a choice.
• It’s an illness that can be cured.
• GLBT individuals want “special rights”.
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Terminology
• Transphobia or Transprejudice
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– Fear, hatred or dislike of, or
discrimination towards a person
because that person is transgender.
– Negative valuing, stereotyping and
discriminatory treatment of individuals
based on the expression of their internal
gender identity.
– Employment and heath care
discrimination
• Issues for individuals transitioning gender on
the job
• Lack of medical insurance coverage
• Lack of medical treatment
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Terminology
• Offensive
terms, phrases and
comments:
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– Queer
– Fag, faggot, fruit
– Dyke, Lesbo
– “That’s so gay.”
– Tranny, she-male, he-she, It,
gender-bender
– Refusing to use the proper
pronoun when addressing a
transgender individual.
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Definitions
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According to the American
Psychological Association
(APA), sexual orientation is
an enduring, emotional,
romantic, sexual or
affectional attraction to
another person.
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• Everyone has a sexual
orientation and gender
identity.
• Everyone falls on a scale of
somewhere between purely
heterosexual and purely
homosexual.
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Sexual orientation is different
from sexual behavior because
it refers to feelings and selfconcept. Individuals may or
may not express their sexual
orientation in their behaviors.
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• Sexual Orientation is not a conscious
choice that can be voluntarily changed.
• Human beings cannot choose to be
gay or straight.
• Sexual orientation emerges for most
people in early adolescence without
any prior sexual experience.
• Being transgender doesn’t imply any
specific sexual orientation.
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Definitions
• Homosexuality is not a mental
illness.
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– 1973 – The American Psychiatric
Association removed homosexuality
from its list of mental disorders.
– 1975 – The American Psychological
Association adopted a resolution
stating that “Homosexuality implies
no impairment in judgment, stability,
reliability or general social or
vocational capabilities.”
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Current Issues for GLBT:
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•
•
•
•
•
Employment protections
Same-sex partnerships
Domestic partner benefits
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell
Violence – Hate Crimes
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Canadian Climate Survey on
Homophobia:
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59 per cent of LGBTQ high school students reported they
were verbally harassed, compared to seven per cent of
non-LGBTQ students.
•
25 per cent of LGBTQ students indicated being physically
harassed due to their sexual orientation, compared to
eight per cent of non-LGBTQ students.
•
31 per cent of LGBTQ students reported personal
harassment on the internet or via text messaging,
compared to eight per cent of non-LGBTQ students.
•
73 per cent of LGBTQ students reported they felt unsafe
at school, compared to 20 per cent who did not.
•
51 per cent of LGBTQ students reported they did not feel
accepted at school, compared to 19 per cent of nonPowerpoint Templates
LGBTQ Free
students
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Hate Crime in Canada
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Sexual orientation was one of the top three motivations for
hate crimes;
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56.3% of all hate crimes motivated by sexual orientation
were violent;
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The second most likely place for hate crimes to be
committed was in educational facilities; and
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Hate crimes predominantly affected youth: approximately
one-half of all victims and three-quarters of those accused
were between the ages of twelve and twenty-four.
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Source: Safe Schools Action Team (2008) Shaping a
Culture of Respect in Our Schools: Promoting Safe and
Healthy Relationships, Ontario Ministry of Education,
Toronto: Queen’s Printer for Ontario.
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/teachers/RespectCulture.pdf
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Suicide
• Youth who are lesbian, gay, bisexual or
questioning their sexual orientation are 3.4
times more likely to report a suicide attempt.
• Students harassed based on actual or
perceived sexual orientation are more than
three times as likely as students who are not
harassed to make a suicide attempt.
• An estimated 28% of completed suicides are
by lesbian, gay and bisexual people.
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C. Banks, The Cost of Homophobia: Literature Review of the Human Impact of
Homophobia in Canada 2003 at 29. Online: Canadian Rainbow Health Coalition
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http://www.rainbowhealth.ca/documents/english/homophobia_human.pdf
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Violence - Hate Crimes
Legislation
• Bias-motivated violence intended to
intimidate an entire group of people.
• Hate-based crimes based on sexual
orientation and gender identity continues
to increase in both number and severity.*
• Named after Matthew Sheppard and
James Byrd, Jr., the law was signed by
President Obama on October 28, 2009.
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*References: Brandon Teena (Boys Don’t Cry), Freddie
Martinez, Billy Gaither,
Jose & Romel Sucuzhanay or Google: GLBT hate crimes
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Violence - Hate Crimes
Legislation
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• This measure expands the federal hatecrimes law to include crimes motivated by
a victim's actual or perceived gender,
sexual orientation, gender identity or
disability.
• Gives the federal government jurisdiction
over prosecuting hate crimes in states
where there is no hate-crimes law, where
the current law is inadequate or when
local authorities are unwilling or do not
have the resources to do prosecutions
themselves.
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Workplace Issues
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• Heterosexism
– Inclusion or exclusion
• Fear (homophobia and transphobia)
– Harassment & hostile work environment
• Jokes, comments, threats
• Workplace issues for employees transitioning
gender
• Lavender Ceiling
– Advancement and promotion
• Unconscious bias
– What we don’t know can get us in trouble.
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