APA [6th ed.] Citing & Referencing
Dr. Abrilene Johnston-Scott
January 23, 2015
Why are you required use APA style?
 Because learning to write means mastering an accepted and
uniform writing style.
 Because APA style is the most common writing style in the
Social Sciences and is used by BMC.
What’s Included in APA Style?
 Basically, everything in your paper:
-
How you format your pages
How you cite sources
How you list your references
Even your language
Today we will be concentrating on Citing, Referencing and
Formatting research paper
We’ll start with the list of references
 Required if you cite any sources in your paper
 Every source cited in your paper must appear on the
reference list, and every entry in your reference list must be
cited in your paper
 Your reference list should be double spaced between sources
or entries and single spaced between lines!
Single-authored book
Format:
 Author, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of book. Publisher
Address: Publisher.
Perloff, R. M. (1995). The dynamics of persuasion. Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum.
Dual-authored book
Baran, S. J., & Davis, D. K. (1995). Mass communication theory:
Foundations, ferment and future. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
*Note: when listing authors, use an ampersand (&) in the
reference list, not “and.”
Single-Authored Journal Article
Garramone, G. M. (1985). Effects of negative political
advertising: The roles of sponsor and rebuttal. Journal of
Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 29, 149-159.
*Note: The first letter of every important word in the title of
the journal is capitalized.
Internet articles based on a print
source
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference
elements in the selection of resources by psychology
undergraduates. [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic
Research, 5, 117-123.
*Note: Sometimes electronic versions are different from the
print versions.
Article from an Online Periodical
 Online articles follow the same guidelines for printed articles.
Include all information the online host makes available, including
an issue number in parentheses.
Format:
 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of
article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number if
available). Retrieved from
http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
Example:
 Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A list
apart: For people who make websites, 149. Retrieved from
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving
Article From an Online Periodical with
DOI Assigned
Format:
 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of
Journal, volume number, page range. doi:0000000/000000000000 or
http://dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000
Examples:
 Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated
bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283.
doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
 Wooldridge, M.B., & Shapka, J. (2012). Playing with technology: Mother-
toddler interaction scores lower during play with electronic toys. Journal of
Applied Developmental Psychology, 33(5), 211-218.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2012.05.005
Article From an Online Periodical with no
DOI Assigned
Note:
 Online scholarly journal articles without a DOI require the URL of the journal
home page. Remember that one goal of citations is to provide your readers with
enough information to find the article; providing the journal home page aids
readers in this process.
Format:
 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of
Journal, volume number. Retrieved from
http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/
Example:
 Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights.
Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. Retrieved from
http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html
Journal Article From a Database
Format:
 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title
of article. Title of Journal, volume number, page range.
Example:
 Smyth, A. M., Parker, A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2002). A
study of enjoyment of peas. Journal of Abnormal Eating,
8(3), 120-125.
Abstract
Note:
 If you only cite an abstract but the full text of the article is also available, cite
the online abstract as any other online citations, adding "[Abstract]" after the
article or source name. However, if the full text is not available, you may use an
abstract that is available through an abstracts database as a secondary source.
Format:
Paterson, P. (2008). How well do young offenders with Asperger Syndrome
cope in custody?: Two prison case studies [Abstract]. British Journal of Learning
Disabilities, 36(1), 54-58.
Example:
 Hendricks, J., Applebaum, R., & Kunkel, S. (2010). A world apart? Briding the
gap between theory and applied social gerontology. Gerontologist, 50(3), 284293.
Newspaper Article
Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper.
Retrieved from
http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
Example:
 Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to
drug industry. The NewYork Times. Retrieved from
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/psychiatryhandbook-linked-to-drug-industry/
Electronic Books
Example:
De Huff, E. W. (n.d.). Taytay’s tales:Traditional Pueblo Indian tales.
Retrieved from
http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/dehuff/taytay/taytay.ht
ml
Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
 Often encyclopedias and dictionaries do not provide bylines
(authors' names). When no byline is present, move the entry name
to the front of the citation. Provide publication dates if present or
specify (n.d.) if no date is present in the entry.
 Feminism. (n.d.). In Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/724633/feminis
m
When do you cite your sources in your
paper?
 When you’re using an idea or concept from a source.
 When you quote from a source.
Citing when paraphrasing
 List the last names of all authors the first time you cite them,
unless there are more than 5.
 If there are more than five, or you are citing the paper of 3 or
more authors for a second or more time, list last name of
first author, followed by “et al.,” and the date.
Citing when quoting
 You need to put the author last name(s) and date, like when
paraphrasing, but also the PAGE NUMBERS or
PARAGRAPH NUMBERS.
 Example: “the research findings clearly indicate support for
the hypotheses” (Douglass, 1986, p. 55).
Warning
 Keep quotations to a minimum (less than 3 per paper).
 Don’t forget the quotation marks and page numbers (or
paragraph numbers), or you will be guilty of plagiarism!
 Include no more than 40 words in each quotation.
Formatting your paper
 Double line spaced throughout
 Indent first line in each paragraph
 Font size 12 throughout the paper
 Font style Times New Roman
 Bold all headings
 Reference page starts on a new page
 No white spaces in the body of the paper
 One inch margin all around
 APA formatted Title Page ( a common Title Page)
Proposing a Common APA
Formatted Title Page
 Running head
 Title of Assignment
 Student’s Name
 Student’s Number
 Course Name and Number
 Lecturer’s Name
 Date
Conclusion
 This concludes my presentation.
 Questions?