Gabija Kiburtaitė
Psbns09-02
 Trait
theory – a model of personality that
seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to
describe personality.
 Traits – consistent personality characteristics
and behaviors displayed in different
situations.
 Sanguine
 Choleric
 Melancholic
 Phlegmatic
 Developed
by
Hyppocrates (460370 BC) as medical
theory
 I. Pavlov
researched how
dogs with different
temperaments
reacts to stimuli
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Developed by R. Cattell (1965) using factors analysis
List of all 16 traits:
Warm
Reasoning
Emotional Stability
Dominance
Liveliness
Rule-Consciousness
Social Boldness
Sensitivity
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Vigilance
Abstractedness
Privateness
Apprehension
Openness to Change
Self-Reliance
Perfectionism
Tension
 This
theory was also developed using factors
analysis.
 R. Cattell used inductive method, while H.
Eyesenck used deductive one.
 3 main personality traits: extraversion,
neuroticism and psychoticism.
 These 3 traits are largely unrelated.
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Psychoticism
Sociable
Anxious
Aggressive
Lively
Depressed
Cold
Active
Guilt feelings
Egocentric
Assertive
Low self-esteem
Impersonal
Sensation-seeking
Tense
Impulsive
Carefree
Irrational
Antisocial
Dominant
Shy
Unempathetic
Surgent
Moody
Creative
Venturesome
Emotional
Tought-Minded
 Five-factor
personality inventory was created
in 1985 by P. T. Costa and R. R. McCare.
 Main 5 personality traits are Extraversion,
Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreebleness
and Openness to experience.
 These 5 factors can be abbreviated as
OCEAN.
 Each of 5 factors has 6 subfactors called
facets.
 The Big Five is the most popular and
influential trait approach today.
 Extraversion
Extraversion
Warmth
Gregariousness
Assertiveness
Activity
Excitement-Seeking
Positive Emotions
means
energy, positive
emotions and the
tendency to seek
stimulation in the
company of others.
 Neuroticism
Neuroticism
Neuroticism
Anxiety
Angry Hostility
Depression
Self-Consciousness
Impulsiveness
Vulnerability
is an
enduring tendency
to experience
negative
emotional states.
 Conscientiousness
Concientiousness
Competence
Order
Dutifulness
Achievement Striving
Self-Discipline
Deliberation
includes traits like
being organized
and planful.
Which room’s owner more likely has high
conscientiousness?
Which one of 6 facets of conscientiousness these
pictures represent?
 Agreebleness
Agreebleness
Trust
Straightforwardness
Altruism
Compliance
Modesty
Tender-Mindedness
trait
distinguishes softhearted people
from ruthless ones.
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Openness
Fantasy
Aesthetics
Feelings
Actions
Ideas
Values
Openness to experience
trait distinguishes
people who prefer
variety from whose who
prefer familiar and
traditional things.
Itincludes traits like
having wide interests
and being imaginative.
 Everyone
has the same personality traits at
varying degree.
 There are many different trait theories, but
no one of them can encompass the whole
personality.
 Trait theories allow easy comparison
between individuals.
 Trait theories only describe personality – they
do not explain it.
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Feldman R. S. Understanding Psychology. 9th ed. // McGraw-Hill: Higher
Education, Boston, 2009.
Ryckman R. M. Theories of personality. 9th ed. // Thomson Wadsworth,
Belmont, 2008.
Feist J., Feist G. J. Theories of personality. 7th ed. // McGraw- Hill,
Boston, 2006.
Engler B. Personality Theories: An Introduction. 8th ed. // Wadsworth: Cengage
Learning, Belmont, 2009.
Pictures:
http://www.creativeclass.com/creative_class/_wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/2009/01/personality.jpg
http://edtechvision.wikispaces.com/file/view/Holland03Jobs.gif/32785499/Holland03Jobs.gif
http://www.committedmarriage.com/images/Personality.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Four_temperament.PNG
http://www.greekmedicine.net/images/Individual%20Temperament.jpg
http://thebloggersdesktop.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/personality_business_owners.jpg
http://www.savagechickens.com/images/chickenextravert.jpg
http://lazylaces.brinkster.net/pics/center_tidy_room.jpg
http://www.slimyfish.net/images/blog/messy.jpg
http://www.trans4mind.com/personality/eysenck_chart.png
http://is1.okcupid.com/users/800/424/8014240653472578259/mt1166926835.jpg
http://customersrock.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/people.jpg
http://www.davidgeere.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/MessyDesk.jpg
http://www.nancysteinbockposters.com/posters/images/friendliness.jpg
http://www.toxel.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/mutabledesigns24.jpg