LISTENING
Do you hear what I hear?
LISTENING
The deliberate, psychological
process by which we receive,
understand, and retain aural
stimuli.
HEARING VS LISTENING
• HEARING IS A
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY,
BASED IN THE
MECHANISMS OF THE
EARS, PASSIVE IN
NATURE
• LISTENING IS A
COGNITIVE ACTIVITY,
REQUIRING EFFORT
AND ENERGY
SELECTION IN LISTENING
• SELECTIVE EXPOSURE – DO WE EXPOSE
OURSELVES TO WHAT WE DON’T WANT TO
HEAR?
• SELECTIVE ATTENTION – TO WHAT DO WE
“TUNE”?
• SELECTIVE PERCEPTION – WE HEAR WHAT WE
WANT TO HEAR
• SELECTIVE RETENTION – WHAT DO WE
CHOOSE TO RETAIN IN MEMORY?
Levels or Types of Listening
•
•
•
•
•
Discriminative
Appreciative
Comprehensive
Critical
Therapeutic (empathic)
INEFFECTIVE LISTENERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pseudolisteners (fraudulent)
Monopolistic listeners
Completers
Selective listeners
Avoiders
Defensive listeners
Attackers
Guidelines for Improving Listening
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