Maddie Nilson
Psy 1100-050
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Authoritarian: Highly demanding and directive, yet
unresponsive. Obedience and status oriented. Clearly
stated rules, structured environments.
Authoritative: Both demanding and responsive.
Assertive but not intrusive and restrictive. Disciplinary
methods are supportive.
Permissive: More responsive than demanding.
Nontraditional and extremely lenient. Indulgent and
passive in parenting.
Neglectful/Uninvolved: Low in both responsiveness and
demands. Does not meet needs of child/adolescent.
Psychological Control: The practice of guilt induction,
withdrawal of love and affection, or shaming of the child.
These practices are attempts of control that affect the
emotional and psychological development of a child.
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Confidence
Goal Orientations
Life Success
Bullying
Anxiety and Internalized Distress
Depersonalization
Coping Behavior
Problem Behavior
Psychosocial Development
Academic Achievement and Competence
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Found to predict well-being in social competence, academic
performance, psychosocial development and problem behavior.
Adolescents who have uninvolved parents perform the most
unsuccessfully in all of the above areas.
Parental responsiveness assists in predicting social competence
and psychosocial functioning.
Adolescents who come from authoritarian families perform
moderately well in school and tend to be less involved in problem
behavior. These adolescents also have a lower self-esteem and
higher levels of depression with poorer social skills than others.
Adolescents from permissive homes are mostly opposite,
demonstrating problem behavior, and low performance in school
but have a higher self-esteem, better social skills and show lower
levels or depression.
Parental demandingness is found to be associated with an
adolescents instrumental competence and behavioral control such
as their academic performance and deviance.
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Study that examined 272 participants from grades 9 to 11 on maternal
and paternal parenting styles and their adjustments as a result of that
style. Examines the relationship between parental behaviors and the
well-being in not only children but adolescents.
Authoritative mothering found higher self-esteem and life-satisfaction
with lower depression in adolescents. Authoritative advantages
outweighed the permissive style in all of the outcomes that were
reviewed.
Found that authoritative parenting style fosters an adolescent’s well
being and boosts their learning goals.
Though authoritarian parents do well with obedience and conformity
to their standards, adolescents show poor self-conception.
Permissive parents show a strong sense of confidence in themselves,
but also experience more problems with drug experimentation and
misbehavior inside and outside of school environments.
Academic achievement in adolescents is also affected by parenting
style.
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In this study of the effect of parenting styles and personality
on adolescents, it was found that “Maternal
authoritativeness was the only direct predictor of happiness
when paternal and maternal rearing styles were examined
together, suggesting that a reasonable discipline exercised
by mothers towards their children was particularly
beneficial in enhancing the off-springs' self-esteem...
Regressional and path analysis showed self-esteem to be the
most dominant and powerful predictor of happiness.”
The self-esteem in adolescents is extremely important to
their development psychologically and emotionally. This
demonstrates the effect that parenting style has on an
adolescent’s self-esteem, and its important role in doing so.
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Avidan Milevsky , Melissa Schlechter, Sarah Netter, & Danielle
Keehn (2007, February).Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles in
Adolescents: Associations with Self-Esteem, Depression and LifeSatisfaction - Springer. Retrieved from
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-006-9066-5
Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. (2000, October). Perceived parental
behaviour, self-esteem and happiness - Springer. Retrieved from
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s001270050265
Kimberly Kopko (2007). Parenting Styles and Adolescents. Retrieved
from http://che-725726433.us-east1.elb.amazonaws.com/pam/outreach/parenting/research/uploa
d/Parenting-20Styles-20and-20Adolescents.pdf
Nancy Darling (1999, March). Parenting Style and Its Correlates.
ERIC Digest. Retrieved from
http://csped.com/educator/earlychildhood/articles/parentingst
yle.pdf