Realistic perspectives for energy
renovations in the next decades
Henk Visscher – OTB, Delft University of Technology
Delft
University of
Technology
Challenge the future
Introduction
Henk Visscher
•Delft University of Technology
•OTB Research for the Built Environment
•Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment
•Prof. Housing Quality and Process Innovation
•Research Programme: Housing
Focus: Energy efficient housing stock
•Director Graduate School A+BE
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Structure of the presentation
• Research programme Housing Quality
• Recent EU projects
• Energy efficient housing: theory and practice
3 | 17
Delft
100.000 people
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Library
Delft University of Technology
(2011)
-17,000 students
-16% international students
-2,500 scientific staff
-14 Bac. courses
-33 Mst. courses
Aula
- 6,000 scientific publications
- 320 PhD dissertations
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Faculty of Architecture
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Faculty of Architecture and the
Built Environment
•
•
•
•
•
Architecture
Urbanism
Architectural Engineering and Technology
Real Estate and Housing
OTB Research
for the Built Environment
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OTB Research
for the Built Environment
• 100 academic researchers in 3 research programmes
• Housing: Housing Systems and Housing Quality
• Urban and Regional Studies
• Geo Governance and Technique
• Funding: 40% university, 60% external funds and contracts
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Housing Quality
OTB Research
for the Built Environment
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Research Programme Housing Quality
Quality of life – People spend most of their time at
home: comfort, safety, health
Ecological footprint – 40% of CO2 in built
environment: most cost effective saving potential
Economical assets – cost, value, life span,
maintenance
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Housing Quality Research Programm
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Housing Quality Research Topics
I Assessment of Sustainable and Healthy
Housing
• Energy efficiency (including behaviour)
• Reduction of total environmental impact
(LCA calculations)
• Indoor environment (ventilation systems)
II Housing Management
(by social housing associations)
•
Social entrepreneurship of Housing
Associations
•
Implementation of housing stock policies
•
Implementation of energy efficiency
policies
III Policy, regulations and quality assurance
• Energy efficiency policies and regulations
• Housing Quality improvement policies of
municipalities
• Efficiency and effectiveness of systems of
building regulations and control
IV Innovative Building and Maintenance
Processes
•
Alternative contracting
•
Cooperation and supply chain integration
•
Innovation diffusion
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9b. Priority research/projects
Occupant behaviour and energy use
Environmental impacts
Housing stock improvement
policies
Energy reduction policies
Supply chain integration
Quality assurance
Innovation
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Housing in the Netherlands
2000 Home owners
S.F.
M.F
Social rent
Total
S.F.
M.F
Commercial rent
Total
S.F.
M.F
Total
S.F.
M.F
Total
< 1945
751.328
117.797
869.125
123.339
155.525
278.864
159.211
194.243
353.454
1.033.878
467.565
1.501.443
1945-1970
671.902
146.703
818.605
590.037
399.641
989.678
73.252
104.860
178.112
1.335.191
651.204
1.986.395
1971-1990
1.180.195
76.807
1.257.002
437.912
432.531
870.443
110.248
94.440
204.688
1.728.355
603.778
2.332.133
443.471
67.466
510.937
61.186
154.928
216.114
13.626
27.423
41.049
518.283
249.817
768.100
408.773 3.455.669
1.212.474
1.142.625
2.355.099
356.337
420.966
777.303
4.615.707
> 1990
Totaal
%
3.046.896
52
36
1.972.364 6.588.071
12
• Total 7.000.000 dwellings;
• Yearly production:
new: was 70.000, now 40.000 (?)
renovation: 20.000
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%
23
30
35
12
European and Dutch targets for
energy savings
EU climate and energy targets for 2020:
• 20% reduction of CO2 (reference year 1990)
• 20% share renewable energy in EU’s overall energy mix (NL: 16%)
• 20% improvement of energy efficiency
Energy performance of buildings directive 2003/2010
• EPC‘s for new and existing buildings
• New buildings 2020 NZEB
• Renovation 25% of value: as new!
2050: Energy neutral Built Environment
• 70% of the housing stock of 2050 already exists
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Running EU Projects
• Green Solar Cities: Energy renovation
(Concerto) 2009-2013
• SHELTER: Cooperation and coordination for energy renovation
(IEE) 2010-2013
• BEEM-UP: Energy renovation – participation and behaviour of occupants
(FP7) 2011-2014
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Renovation Poptahof
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Running EU Projects
• Ecoheat4cities: Labelling systems for district
heating systems (IEE) 2010-2013
• NEU-Jobs: Our part: development in the European housing
renovation market (FP7) 2011-2014
• SusLabNWE: Realisation and pilots with sustainable living labs – Our part:
input for measuring systems, organisation and analysis pilots
(Interreg) 2012-2014
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NEW EU-projects
• COHERENO – Collaboration for NZenergy renovations of owner
occupied single family houses – IEE 2013 – 2016
• EPISCOPE (follow up of TABULA) – IEE 2013-2016
• PLEEC – Planning for smart cities - FP7 2013-2017
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NL: Current policies
• 2020 RES 16%
• 2050 Fossil free energy
system.
•
•
•
•
•
House prices go down
Hard to get mortgages
House building reduced
Also renovation reduced
Housing Associations have less money…
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Progress in energy renovation in NL?
Housing Associations 2,4 mil dwellings
Covenant: in 2020 average Energy label: B
60
Survey:
•49% of the HA mention an average label in 2020
•only 52% of them mention Label B:
•in total only 25% confirm the covenant
50
percentage
40
begin 2009
30
eind 2012
20
10
0
A
B
C
D
energielabel
E
F
G
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Research 1
Energy performance
of New Dwellings in
NL
• NL: Energy Performance Regs. Since 1995
• Level: non dimensional digit: (1995) 1.4 – 1.2 – 1.0 – 0.8 – 0.6 (2012)
• Research: Statistical relation between dwellings built under various
levels of EPC and final energy use
• 3 data bases
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Results – Energy use per m2
• Actual Energy reduction stagnates
• Rebound effect + under performance of enveloppe and installations
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Research 2
Energy use in the existing stock
• Energy label data base 2010
• Actual energy use 3 years
• 200.000 cases
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Results
Theory
Actual
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Results
G label:
50% less use than
expected
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Results
A and B label:
10-20% more use
than expected
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Results
Very little actual
savings
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Total primary energy use
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Total CO2 emissions
• Total CO2
emissions can
hardly be reduced
by reducing the
heating demand
• Covering the
domestic electricity
use with PV is very
effective in NL!
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Conclusions
• Large scale renovations on nZEB levels will be very hard to
achieve: requires hughe investments
• When renovating poor performing dwellings to higher levels, a
large share of potential savings are used to increase comfort =>
the average temperature in the dwelling increases
• Renovation programmes should be set up with the aim to
increase the total quality and increase the expected life span and
value of the dwellings
• Quality assurance essential to achieve potential performances of
nZEB
• Use of RES (PV) large contribution to reduce CO2
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New Research Opportunities
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