Chapter 28 – Sun-Earth-Moon System
Space, the final frontier...
-Cpt. James T. KirkUSS Enterprise
28.1 Tools of Astronomy
OBJECTIVES
Describe electromagnetic radiation.
Explain how telescopes work.
Describe space exploration.
28.1
Electromagnetic
spectrum
The arrangement of waves
that includes gamma rays,
X rays, ultraviolet
radiation, visible light,
infrared radiation,
microwaves, and radio
waves according to
wavelength and frequency
is called the
electromagnetic spectrum.
28.1
Refracting Telescopes
The telescope that uses lenses to
bring visible light to a focus
is a refracting telescope.
28.1 Reflecting
Telescopes
Telescopes that uses
mirrors to bring visible
light to a focus
28.1 Interferometry
Interferometry is the
process of linking
many separate
telescopes together
to act as one
28.1 Satellites
Telescopes are placed above the atmosphere in order to
most effectively collect infrared and ultraviolet radiation,
X-rays, and gamma rays.
Hubble Space Telescope
28.1 Mars Probe
(unpublished)
28.1 Space spinoff
Cell phones, PCs, flat screen TV are a few examples of this.
28.2 The Moon
OBJECTIVES
Describe the
development of
exploration of
the Moon
Identify features
on the Moon.
Explain the
theories about
how Moon was
created.
Space Race
Yuri Gagarin was the first
man in space.
Project Mercury
Alan Shepard was the first American man in
space.
Project Mercury launched the first American into
space on May 5, 1960.
Project Gemini
Project Gemini launched a
two-person spacecraft into
orbit in 1965.
Project Apollo
The space exploration program
that landed astronauts on the
Moon was Apollo.
Apollo Missions
July 20, 1969
Neil Armstrong was the first
man to step foot on the
Moon.
Moon’s Features
The Moon’s surface is very different from the surface of Earth
because the Moon has no erosion.
Ejecta
Ejecta is the material blasted out of the Moon’s surface as a
result of space-object impacts.
Mare
Dark, smooth
plains on the
Moon's surface
(Maria, pl.)
Albedo
The portion of
sunlight
reflected by the
Moon’s surface.
(actually from any
satellite or planet
that cannot produce
its own light)
Rilles
Valley-like
structures on the
Moon's surface
Synchronous Rotation
The Moon's state,
in which its
rotational and
orbital periods
are equal
Simultaneous
formation
theory
The theory that suggests the Moon was formed at about the
same time as Earth and from similar materials is called
the simultaneous formation theory.
28.2 Moon Tracks
Moon Tracks – Features & History
Web-site:
http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/
Find A Track – View Track # 317121
28.3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System
OBJECTIVES
Identify the relative positions and
motions of Earth, the Sun , and the
Moon.
Describe the phases of the moon.
Explain eclipses of the Sun and Moon.
Earth’s Rotation
The daily rising
and setting of
heavenly objects
like the Sun is
caused by the
rotation of
Earth.
Solar Day
Our timekeeping system is based on the
solar day.
Foucault pendulum
Hanging-weight system that helps demonstrate the rotation of
Earth
Ecliptic
Plane of the Earth's orbit about
the Sun called the ecliptic
Earth’s Tilt
Different seasons occur because of Earth’s tilt and
Earth’s orbital motion around the Sun.
Solstice
Earth’s position around
June 21, at which the
northern hemisphere has
its maximum daylight
hours
Earth’s position near or
on December 21, at
which the northern
hemisphere has its
minimum daylight hours
Equinox
‘Vernal’
Earth’s position when
the lengths of day and
night are equal
‘Autumnal’
Earth-Sun Relations
Apogee vs. perigee
Apogee - Farthest point from Perigee - Closest point to
Earth in the Moon’s orbit
Earth in the Moon’s orbit
Lunar Phases
The sequential changes in the appearance of the Moon
are called lunar phases.
Sun
Waxing
When the Moon waxes during its
lunar cycle, the amount of its
sunlight portion that we see
appears to increase in size.
“Blue Moon”
When 2 full moons
occur in the same
calendar month..
Year
Month
First Full
Moon
Blue Moon
2009
December
2nd at 07:29
31st at 19:11
Year
Month
First Full
Moon
2012
August
2nd at 03:25
Blue Moon
31st at 13:56
Lunar Eclipse
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's
shadow.
Can only occur during the phase of
the full moon.
Solar Eclipse
Occurs when the Moon passes
directly between the Sun and Earth
(Solar eclipses can only occur at time of New Moon)
Partial Eclipse
People who see a partial solar eclipse are located in the
penumbra portion of the Moon's shadow.
Eclipses - Why not every month?
The orbit of the Moon is tilted 5° relative to the ecliptic
plane of the Earth-Sun. ie. Most months its shadow passes north or south
of the Earth.
Coming Eclipses (2001-2005)
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes directly
between the Sun and the Moon and blocks some or
all of the light of the Full Moon.
(Lunar eclipes can only occur at time of Full Moon)