Latin America and Europe
 What
is nationalism?
 Did you watch the Olympic games?
• Who did you root for/watch?
• Why?
• How is your loyalty to Americans in the Olympics
a form of nationalism?

Nationalism: The belief that people
should be loyal mainly to their nationthat is, to the people with whom they
share a culture and history- rather than to
a king or empire.
 What
are 3 things that may influence Latin
Americans to want their independence?
 What countries run Latin America?
 How does the Enlightenment influence Latin
American Revolutions? What are some
Enlightenment ideas that would inspire
people to revolt?
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Africans
Indians
 Peninsulares
and Creoles: 22.9% of the
population
 Mulattos: 7.6%
 Mestizos: 7.3%
 Africans: 6.4%
 Indians: 55.8%
Peninsulares/
Creoles
Mulattos
Mestizos
Africans
Indians
 Worksheet
7-3
 Under
French rule
• Saint Domingue
• 1st to achieve independence
 500,000
enslaved Africans worked on
French plantations in Saint Domingue
• Masters used brutal methods to terrorize slaves

French Revolution
• 100,000 enslaved Africans rise up in August of 1791
• Toussaint L’Ouverture becomes the leader of the
revolt


Former slave
1801
• Toussaint has control of island
• Frees all enslaved Africans

January 1802
• 30,000 French troops come to remove
Toussaint
• Toussaint agrees to halt revolution if
slavery is ended
• Seized and sent to prison
 Dies here in April 1803

Toussaint’s 2nd in command
takes over and continues
revolution
• Gains independence on January 1,
1804
• Names the country Haiti which means
“mountainous lands”
 Who
are the creoles?
 Why would they revolt if they are not as
oppressed as others?
• Role of Napoleon and his brother Joseph
 Argentinean- Where is Argentina?
• Fought in Spain against Napoleon and returned to
Latin America to fight for independence there
• Argentina independent in 1816, but Spanish forces in
Peru and Chile are still a threat
 Why would these country’s threaten Argentina’s
independence?
• Joined with Simon de Bolivar to from an army that
defeated the Spanish and helped gain Latin
American countries their independence
 Venezuela-
Declares independence from
Spain in 1811
 After winning independence for
Venezuela, moves on to fight for
independence in other Latin American
countries
 Wanted to unite all of the Latin American
countries into one- Gran Columbia
 What South American country is named
after him?
 From
the United States
• Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin
• Wants a United States of South America
 From
Europe
• John Locke
• Thomas Paine
• Voltaire
• Baron de Montesquieu
• Rousseau
 Indians
and mestizos play the leading
role in calling for freedom
 Padre Miguel Hidalgo
• Firmly believed in Enlightenment ideals
• Calls for a fight for independence and his Indian
and mestizo parishioners follow him.
• Defeated by the army in 1811, but the seed is
planted for revolution
 Jose Maria Morelos takes over the revolution
 Worksheet
7-4