The Human Skeleton
The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.
We are actually born with more bones (about
350), but many fuse together as a child grows
bones support your body and
allow you to move
contain a lot of calcium (an element found
in milk, broccoli, and other foods)
manufacture blood cells and store
important minerals.
The smallest bone is the
stirrup bone inside the ear.
HAMMER
ANViL
STiRRUP
The longest bone in our bodies is
the femur (thigh bone).
The Arm
Each arm contains 3 bones
humerus, in the upper arm
radius and ulna in the forearm
The Hand
Each hand has 27 bones in it.
8 carpals in the wrist
5 metacarpals in the palm,
14 phalanges in the fingers.
These are 2 of the arm bones not the hand
The Leg
Femur - the thigh bone
Patella - the knee cap
Tibia - the larger of the two
leg bones located below the
knee cap
Fibula - the smaller of the two
leg bones located below the
knee cap
The Spine
Cervical Vertebrae
the first set of vertebral bones of the
spine
located beneath the skull
there are 7 cervical vertebrae consists
of 7 vertebral bones, named the C1,
C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7.
the primary function of the cervical
vertebrae is protection of the spinal
cord and support of the body.
these vertebrae can flex and extend to
allow for movement.
generally smaller than the other
vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
vertebrates beneath the cervical
vertebrae
the middle segment of the spine
consists of 12 bones called T1,
T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9,
T10, T11, and T12
these bones increase in size
and width from T1 to T12.
larger than the cervical
vertebrae but smaller than the
lumbar vertebrae.
houses the spinal cord and
protects the spinal cord
Lumbar Vertebrae
the third curve of the spine
Beneath the thoracic vertebrae
consists of 5 bones – the L1, L2, L3, L4, and
L5
the largest vertebral bones
each individual bone increases in
function is the protection of the spinal cord.
also allows for much of human body motion
supports much of the human body’s
weight.
Joints
Bones are connected to other bones at joints
many different types of joints:
•fixed joints (such as in the skull, which consists
of many bones)
•hinged joints (such as in the fingers and toes)
•ball-and-socket joints (such as the shoulders
and hips).
fixed joint is a joint
between two bones
that doesn’t move.
a good example of this
is in the skull - the skull
plates don't move
together or against
each other, but they
are connected or fused
Hinge joints are places in the human
skeleton where the ends of bones meet and
rotate
examples of hinge joints in the human body
are the elbow, the knee, the ankle, and the
knuckles
The most range of movement by
the joints is provided by a "balland- socket" joint
which the spherical head of one
bone lodges in the spherical
cavity of another
In the shoulder joint, the
humerus (upper arm bone) fits
into the socket of the shoulder
blade. Because the socket is
shallow and the joint loose, the
shoulder is the body's most
mobile joint.
Gliding Joints
"Gliding" joints permit a wide
range of mostly sideways
movements - as well as
movements in one direction –
a pivot joint near the top of
the spine allows the head to
swivel and bend. Other pivot
joints, in the forearm and
lower leg, allow the wrist and
ankle to twist.
The Pelvic Bones
a ring-like structure of bones at the lower end of the trunk.
The two sides of the pelvis are actually three bones (ilium,
ischium, and pubis) that grow together as people age
Other Bones
SCAPULA
the bone that
connects the humerus
(upper arm bone) with
the
CLAVICLE (collar
bone).
Hyoid Bone
A small, U-shaped bone
situated centrally in the upper
part of the neck, beneath the
mandible but above the
larynx near the level of the
third cervical vertebrae
The hyoid is (uniquely in the
vertebrate skeleton) not
joined to any other bone but
is suspended in position by
muscles that connect it to the
mandible