Chapter 11 Expansion in the Pacific,
Mexico, and Cuba

The US eyes smaller
nations to control to
expand its power.
The Impulse for Imperialism

Imperialism


The quest for colonial empires
Why do countries become empires?



New markets
New raw materials
More power!
Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge


Wanted the US to
expand.
“Small states are of the past
and have no future…the great
nations are rapidly
absorbing…places of the
earth. The US must not fall out
of the line of march.”
Acquiring Hawaii

Hawaii is wanted by
most large countries

Why?




Tropical climate
Fertile soil for farming
Good location
The US starts sending
settlers and traders.
American Influence in Hawaii’s History

1820’s

Missionaries land in Hawaii



Wanted to expand
Christianity
Began to farm sugar cane.
1870’s

US controlled Hawaiian king
Kalakaua

Promised to give US
privileges of Hawaii


Farm land
Subsidy

A government bonus
payment for goods
US takes control of Hawaii

1875 Kalakaua gives up
power


At gunpoint, he is forced to
sign a Constitution limiting
his role to a figure head.
1891

Kalakaua dies


Sister Liliuokalani takes
over as queen.
1900 Hawaii becomes US
territory
Liliuokalani gives power to US

“I, Liliuokalani…protest against any acts done
against myself and the constitutional
government of the Hawaiian kingdom.
However, to avoid any collision of armed
forces I, under protest, yield my authority until
such time as the US shall reinstate me to
power.”

Queen Liliuokalani, 1900
US involvement in China

Prior to 1900,

China was being
influenced by large world
powers such as




France
Britain
Germany
Russia

Spheres of influence

Regions where a
particular country has
rights over another
country’s



Mines
Railroads
Trade
The Open Door Policy

1899, Henry Cabot Lodge asks for US to be
added to the sphere of influence


“We ask no favors. We only ask that we shall be
admitted to that great market upon the same
terms with the rest of the world.”
Open Door Policy

Gives all nations equal access to trade and investment
in China.
The Boxer Rebellion

Spring 1900

Boxers attacked
westerners in China


Boxers = Chinese who
hated outsiders
Boxer Rebellion

Battle between Boxers
and army from Western
Countries.

Lasted only 8 weeks.
Conflict with Cuba

Joseph Marti


Leader of Cuban rebels
who wanted to make
Cuba an independent
country
1896

Spain sends Gen.
Valeriano Weyler

Kills 200,000 Cubans
taking control of Cuba
The US Reacts to Cuba’s Problem

William Randolph Hurst



Writer for the New York
Journal
Wanted the US to
intervene in Cuba.
Pres. McKinley says no!
Remember the Maine!

Feb. 15, 1898

USS Maine had been sent
to Havana, Cuba

USS Maine blew up!

Hearst declares
“DESTRUCTION OF THE
WAR SHIP USS MAINE
WAS THE WORK OF THE
ENEMY!”


Blamed it on the Spanish!
Evidence proved it was a
fire in a coal bin.
The Spanish American War

1st battle

Philippine Islands


Controlled by Spain
US. Gen. George Dewey

Took Naval fleet of 12
ships and surrounded
Spain’s navy

What do you think
happened?
US takes control of Philippines

Dewey easily destroys
Spanish navy

US takes control of
country with help of
Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of rebel army in
Philippines against Spain
US moves to Cuba

July 1, 1898

Teddy Roosevelt takes
his Rough Riders and
defeats Spanish army in
Cuba.

Best battle = San Juan
Hill


Rough Riders = 1,000
Spanish troops = 2,000

Roosevelt wins with only
300 casualties
What to do with the Philippines now?

Pres. McKinley


American citizens don’t want to control other
country.


Admits he does not even know where they are!
Should make them an independent country.
1902 Congress passes Philippine Government
Act

Established an independent government in Philippine


1 governor
2 house Congress
US Territories 1905