Interrelationship Between Crime
Prevention, Community-Oriented
Policing and Problem-Solving
Policing
Presented by
The American Crime
Prevention Institute
Crime Prevention

Involves the Minimizing or Reducing of
Opportunities and/or the Desire to Commit Crime

Involves Programs to Prevent Both Criminalization
and Victimization

Involves Active Participation With the Community

Requires a Cadre of Trained, Experienced
Specialists

John C. Klotter - University of
Louisville - National Crime Prevention Institute

Should Involve as Many Officers as Possible in
a Department

Crime Prevention Can Be Practiced
Independently From Community-Oriented
Policing and Problem-Solving Policing

Crime Prevention Provides Knowledge About
How to Prevent Specific Types of Crimes, How to
Engage Members of the Community in Prevention
Efforts and How to Develop Physical and Social
Environments Inhospitable to Crime.

Crime Prevention Serves as a Tool With Which to
Implement Community-Oriented Policing

Crime Prevention Efforts Provide Information and
Skills that Are Essential to Community Policing
Community-Oriented Policing

Community-Oriented Policing Is A Philosophy Of
Policing Based Upon the Concept That Police
Officers and Citizens Can Work Together in
Creative Ways to Solve Problems Related to
Crime and the Fear of Crime.

Community Policing Is An Attitude or Philosophy
of Being Part of the Community in Which You
Work

It Is an Attitude of Serving, Not Controlling the
Public

Community Policing Is a Philosophy of Being
Responsive to the Public's Needs and Concerns

Community Policing Is a Philosophy of
Addressing the Public's Problems and
Responding to Those Things They Believe Are
Important, Not Always What We As Police
Believe Is Most Important

Community-Oriented Policing Requires That We
as Police Again Become Part of the Community
and Use the Community as a Resource

Community Policing Involves Daily, Face-to-Face
Contact With Members of the Community

The Community Has Input into the Police Agenda
- Community Policing Survey

Robert Trojanowicz, School of Criminal Justice,
Michigan State University

Community-Oriented Policing Ideally Involves all
Members of the Department

The Ultimate Goal of Community Policing Is the
Prevention of Crime

While It Is Possible to Have Crime Prevention
Without a Community Policing Focus, You Cannot
Have Community Policing Without Crime Prevention

Crime Prevention Is the Tool to Implement
Community Policing Efforts

Community Policing Encourages Officers to
Experiment With Creative and Innovative
Solutions Aimed at Community Problems.

In Community-Oriented Policing, the
Community Has More Input into the Police
Agenda Than in Crime Prevention.

Community Policing Relies on Organizational
Decentralization and a Reorientation of
Uniformed Patrol to Facilitate Two-Way
Communication Between the Police and the
Public

Community Policing Shifts the Focus of Police
Work From Handling Random Calls to Solving
Community Problems

Community Policing Encourages Geographical
Ownership by the Police

What Led to Community Policing?
 Isolation of Police Officers in Police Cars
 The Narrowing of the Police Mission to Crime
Fighting
Problem-Solving Policing

Consists of Analyzing Groups of Incidents,
Identifying the Underlying Circumstances That
Create Them and Then Devising Solutions by
Using a Wide Variety of Public and Private
Resources

What Is a Problem?
 A Cluster of Similar, Related or Reoccurring
Incidents Rather Than a Single Incident
 A Substantive Community Concern
 A Unit of Police Business

Approaches to Problem-Solving Policing
 Concentrate Attention On Those Individuals Who
Account For a Disproportionate Share of a Problem
 Connect With Other Government or Private
Services - Referral to Another Agency
 Correct Inadequacies in Local Services and
Pressing For New Services - Improved Lighting,
For Example
 Using Mediation and Negotiation Skills
 Conveying Information
 Mobilizing the Community
 Altering the Physical Environment to Reduce
Opportunities for Problems to Occur
 Increasing Regulations, Through Statutes or
Ordinances, of Conditions That Contribute to
Problems

Problem-Solving Policing Can be Done Without
a Commitment to Community-Oriented
Policing, but Community-Oriented Policing
Cannot be Done without a Commitment to
Problem-Solving Policing

Herman Goldstein, University of Wisconsin at
Madison, Founder Of P.O.P.

Problem Solving Process
 Identify the Problem
 Analyze the Problem
 Recommendations to Alleviate the Problem
 Follow Through
 Assessment

Possible Problem-Solving Areas
 Neighborhood Crime Problem
 Safety-Related Problem (RR Crossing)
 Vandalism - Graffiti
 Traffic-Related Problem
 Youth Activity Problem
THANK YOU
The American Crime Prevention Institute is a
division of the AEGIS Protection Group, Inc.