Measurement for Civil
Engineering works
-Retaining Wall-
Overview
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A retaining wall is generally defined as a vertical wall
that holds back earth. However a retaining wall has
many uses such as:
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A retaining wall for roadside embankments
A retaining wall can separate older roads from
highways
A house retaining wall for the garage
A retaining wall helps keep river banks from
eroding
A retaining wall to keep earth from stairwells and
driveways
Common materials used for
retaining walls
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Wood sheets;
Steel and plastic interlocking sheets;
Reinforced concrete sheets;
Pre cast concrete elements (crib walls and
block walls);
Closely spaced in-situ soil-cement piles;
Wire-mesh boxes (gabions);
Anchors into the soil or rock mass (soil
nailing).
Earth-retaining structures
Gravity wall
Crib wall
Gabion wall
Cantilever wall
Common types of retaining wall
(sides of highway / expressway)
block retaining
wall
Vegetative
retaining wall
Common types of retaining wall
(hill side building development)
Segmental block
retaining wall
system
Concrete retaining
wall
Drainage system in retaining walls
Section view- concrete retaining wall
Temporary formwork is a MUST to
form the shape of retaining wall
before in-situ concreting works
coming in
concreting works and concrete
hardening to form the final product
of retaining wall structure
Section view- Segmental blocks
retaining wall
Section view- Vegetative retaining wall
Section view- concrete retaining wall
Retaining wall
Ground level
Depth of excavation
Concrete base footing
perspective view- concrete retaining
wall
length
Buttress /
piers
height
width
Measurement Principles
Element: mass concrete retaining wall
***Refer to drawing given;
Main components:
1.
Concrete foundation / bases for retaining wall
2. Concrete retaining wall
3. Concrete piers
4. Weep holes (drainage )
5. Pocket of granular fill
Total measured length for retaining wall = 30.00 m
Taking-off lists
(lists of items to be measured)
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Excavation works
 E.1.5.1 – excavation, foundation, earth -starting
from commencing level – m3
Concreting works
 F.1.3.2 – In situ concrete designed mix, Grade
25, in bases – m3
 F.1.4.4 – In situ concrete designed mixed, Grade
30, in retaining wall – m3
 F.1.4.5 – In situ concrete designed mixed , Grade
30, in piers – m3
Taking-off lists
(lists of items to be measured)
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Formwork
 F.4.1.1 – Formwork, to sides, of bases – m2
 F.4.1.3 – formwork, to back sides. of
retaining wall – m2
 F.4.1.3 – Formwork, to end sides / faces, of
retaining wall – m2
 F.4.4.3 – Formwork, to sloping faces of
retaining wall – m2
 F.4.1.4 – Formwork, to sides, of piers. – m2
Taking-off lists
(lists of items to be measured)
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Drainage
 H.5.1.1 – outlet structures, 100mm diameter
weep holes @ 1.8m centre, inside the
retaining wall – nos.
Filling
 E.3.4.3 – Filling, to structures -between
piers, pocket of granular material,
continuously. – m3
Techniques to take-off into
dimension paper
Billing paper