Fats and Carbohydrates
Functions of fat in the body
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Fat provides energy,
keeps us warm,
protects internal
organs and contains fat
soluble vitamins A and
D. The word fat
describes fats and olis
At room temperature
fats are solid and oils
are liquid. They come
from plant and animal
sources.
Animal fats and vegetable oils
Animal fats are found in
 Cream
 Dripping
 Lard
 Butter
 Suet
 Meat
 Oily fish
 Eggs
 cheese
 meat.
Vegetable fats are found
in
 Seeds
 Olives
 Soya beans
 nuts
Types of fat
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Saturated fats raise the
cholesterol level. This can lead
to health problems, so foods
containing saturated fats
should be eaten sparingly or
replaced with healthier
options. Foods which contain
saturated fats are
Meat pies
Sausages
Hard cheese
Coconut and palm oil
Butter
Ghee
Lard
Cream.
Hydrogenated fat
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Hydrogen is bubbled
through some oils to
improve flavour and shelf
life. This type of fat is
known as hydrogenated fat.
It is used by manufacturers
to make
margarine,
spreads,
pastry,
cakes,
biscuits
fast foods.
Hydrogenated fat is as
harmful as saturated fats.
Unsaturated (polyunsaturated)
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Unsaturated fats can help to
reduce the level of
cholesterol in the blood.
Foods containing unsaturated
fats included.
Oily fish
Avocados
Nuts
Seeds
Sunflower oils and corn oils
Walnut and rape seed oils and
spreads
Vegetable oils
Soya beans
Functions of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates have
several uses in the
body
 They provide energy
 NSP(non starch
polysaccharides)
known as fibre which
can reduce cholesterol
in the blood.
 They can help
eliminate waste
products as NSP
cannot be digested.
Types of carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are sugars
and starches. Sugars are
sweet and dissolve.
Starches are not sweet and
do not dissolve. Sugars can
be monosaccharides
(simple sugars)
 Or disaccharides(two
sugars joined together)
 Starches are known as
polysaccharides(many
sugars joined together)
 NSP is the other type of
carbohydrate.
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Conversion of carbohydrates
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Sugars provide instant energy.
Starches have to be digested into
sugars before the energy can be
released. So energy from starches
is released more slowly.
Athletes such as marathon
runners at starchy food like pasta
because the energy from that
food will be released slowly
during the race.
If you eat more carbohydrate
then you need it will be stored as
fat.
This can lead to obesity and
related health problems.
Sugar causes tooth decay and so
it is important to have as little as
possible and to brush your teeth.