The Ottoman Empire
Chapter 18, Section 1
Objectives
How did the Ottomans build and
expand their Empire?
How did the Ottomans organize their
government and society?
The Rise of the
Ottomans
1. The first Ottomans were Turkish
soldiers known as ghazis.
Ghazis - warriors for Islam
2. Settled in Anatolia (Asia Minor.)
Modern Turkey.
3. Leader of the Ottoman tribes was
Osman.
Ottoman Empire: 1530 AD
The Rise of the
Ottomans
4. The elite Ottoman
army was made up of
soldiers called
Janissaries
Janissaries war captives
and Christian
slaves.
Janissaries
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Think Then Write
Imagine you are a
Janissarie in the Ottoman
Empire. Write a letter to
your mother explaining your
lifestyle.
The Rise of the
Ottomans
5.Timur a Turko-Mongol leader
defeated the Ottomans in the
late 1300’s.
He claimed he descended from
the great Genghis Khan.
Recovery and
Expansion
6.- Civil war in the empire after Timur’s
victories. The fight was sparked over who
should be the next sultan.
7.Murad II defeats the last Christian
crusaders in 1444 at the Battle of Varna.
Recovery and
Expansion
8. Mehmed II becomes sultan after
Murad’s death and captures
Constantinople in 1453. Renames it
Istanbul.
The conquest of Constantinople was
huge because it gave them a foothold
in Europe and a seaport
Constantinople
becomes Instanbul
Churches like Haghia
Sophia were
transformed into
mosques, though many
Christian features
remain.
Recovery and
Expansion
9. Suleyman the Magnificent
was the greatest Ottoman
sultan (1520-1566.)
10.Expanded Ottoman Empire
as far west as Vienna, Austria.
The Ottomans ruled most of
Eastern Europe, western
Africa and northern Africa
CONSTANTINO
PLE
Ottoman Government and
Society
1. Sultans ruled.
2. Second in command called grand
viziers.
3. Society included small ruling class
and the ordinary people called reaya
or “protected flock.”
Think Then Write
What does it mean to say, “Each man
in Turkey carries in his onw hand his
ancestry and his position in life?”
Answer: One’s position
in society was based on
merit, not on birth.
Ottoman Government and
Society
4. The millet system- independent
communities based on religious
preferences.
5. Slow decline begins- death of
Suleyman in 1566; Economic
problems, competition with Europe,
rebellions, government corruption.
Ottoman Government and
Society
6. Officially ends in 1923 with the
creation of Turkey.
Exit Slip:
a. What role did Janissaries play in the success of
the Ottoman Empire?
b. How important do you think the Ottoman social
system was to the success of the empire?
Exit Slip:
a. What role did Janissaries play in the success of
the Ottoman Empire?
Answer: They served as highly trained slave
soldiers who fought to expand the empire
b. How important do you think the Ottoman social
system was to the success of the empire?
Answer: Religious tolerance and social mobility
may have kept large numbers loyal to the empire