Training, Assessment, and
Certification:
Lawn Mowing
Allan Bateson, Ph.D.
Will Dardick, Ph.D.
Craig Kaml, Ed.D.
The Industrial Revolution
• Education, training and testing for the last
century
– Industrialized education for industry
• One size fits all
• Moderate skill level for 30 years of industry
Next Revolution
• Not just the digital age for education
– New methods for training and testing
• Breaks the classroom model
– Technology
– Analysis
• Target what we need to do and know
– Half life
– Workers stay 3-5 years, not 30
Glimpse of the Future
• K-12 & college online
• Homeschooling
• Evidence Centered Design
• Diagnostic Testing
• Quality Standards: ANSI 17024/2659
• Quality Content: Analysis Methods
A Process Approach
• Identify and analyze the job
– Lawn mowing
– other home maintenance activities?
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Blueprint for training/certification
Develop requirement training/certification
Develop/deliver training/certificate
Develop/deliver assessment/certification
Accredit certification program
Audience
• Need to clearly define who the research
audience is.
• Helps to identify subject matter experts who
participate in the JTA process.
• Outcome of the JTA process is valid for the
studied audience.
Job Task Analysis
• Job - series of tasks.
• Task - an action designed to contribute a
specified end result to the
accomplishment of an objective.
Job Task Analysis
• Defines a job in terms of:
– Knowledge
– Skills
– Abilities
• Necessary to perform daily tasks.
• Structured framework that deconstruct a job
• Resulting in a report describing a job:
– Independent of location
– Across a specified group of people
– Detailed list of all the tasks
Focus Group JTA Framework
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Facilitated workshop
Typically around 10-15 experts
Approximately 2.5-3 days
Systematically identify information about the
job
• Validation of outcome through survey of the
larger professional community
JTA Report Structure Diagram
Job
Duty
Task
Step
Step
Duty
Task
Step
Step
Task
Task
Step
Step
Knowledge, Skills, abilities, attributes, tools, equipment,
resources, etc.
(Body of Knowledge)
Job Analysis
• Answers the question
– “What must the person be able to do?”
• A job/task analysis (JTA) will help us answer
the question
• Breaks the job down into specific duties and
tasks to be performed
Exercise
Job task analysis – mowing the lawn
Identify:
Audience
Job
Duties
Tasks
Steps
Knowledge
Skills
Tools
Report outs
Job task analysis – mowing the lawn
Identify:
Audience
Job
Duties
Tasks
Steps
Knowledge
Skills
Tools
A Completed Job/Task Analysis Chart:
Lawn Mowing
Duty/Task
Steps
Prepare the
Yard
Review
Requirements
with
Homeowner
Remove Toys
and Furniture
Remove
Impediments
to Mower
Prepare the
Mower
Check Oil Level
Check Gas
Level
Conduct
Mechanical
Check of
Mower
Attach Grass
Catcher
Cut the Grass
Start the
mower
Mow in
predetermined
pattern
Empty Grass
Catcher
Shut Down
Mower
Finish the Job
Replace Toys
and Furniture
Sweep/Blow
Non-grass
surfaces of
Grass
Review Results
with
Homeowner
Schedule Next
Visit
The Completed JTA
• Used to answer the question:
– “How well must the worker be able to complete
the job requirements (performance standards)?”
• More than KSA (still important)
• The ability to ‘do’ a task
• Competent/expert workers provide input to
set standards
Training & Certification
Training
• Driver’s Training
• Sear
• E-way
• etc
Certification
• State motor vehicle
administration
Validation
• Written
• Performance
JTA Results
Knowledge, Skills, abilities,
attributes, tools, equipment,
resources, etc.
(Body of Knowledge)
Training and Certificates
• Use JTA as origin to build training
• Can build KSA training
– Communicate benefits of patterns
– Explain what objects may constitute danger
• Strength is in development of task driven
training
– Training someone to do the work
– The way expert workers conduct the work
– Ex: Show participants how to check oil level
Assessment and Certification
• Use JTA as origin to build assessment
• Knowledge & skills based assessments
– What constitutes dangerous objects?
• Performance assessment
– Check the gas level
– Check the oil
Break out: Assessment
• How do you know someone can do the job?
• Performance
• Knowledge
• Skills
• Outline Assessment Ideas
Accreditation
• Outside body assessing quality of a program
– Training and testing standards
• Quality review: development & maintenance
• Accreditation is voluntary oversight
– Similar in spirit to university accreditation
Curriculum Framework
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National Curriculum Standards
Process
Define audience
Conduct Job Task Analysis
Create competency framework
Identify competencies
Identify sub competencies
Create curriculum framework
Map existing courses to curriculum framework
Conduct content area-course gap analysis
Depth analysis
Course alignment with JTAs
Course content review
Course development/redevelopment
Agreement
• Its not the only way
• It’s one of the acceptable methods &
• the community has agreement
Questions?
JTA Report Sample