Trunk and VTP
深圳职业技术学院计算机系网络专业
© 2006, Shenzhen Polytechnic, All rights reserved.
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教学目标( Objectives )
1. Trunk 概念(Trunking Concepts)
2. Trunk 操作(Trunking Operation)
3. VTP模式(VTP Modes)
4. VTP怎样工作(How VTP Works)
5. 配置VTP( Configuring and Verifying VTP )
6. 配置和验证Trunk(Configuring and Verifying
Trunk)
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Trunk的历史(History of Trunking)
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Trunk 概念(Trunking Concepts)
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Trunk 概念(Trunking Concepts)
1.Trunk是两个交换机之间网络信息传递的物理和逻辑的连接
A trunk is a physical and logical connection between two
switches across which network traffic travels.
2.一个Trunk就是支持传递多个VLAN信息的点到点的链路
A trunk is a point-to-point link that supports several
VLANs.
3.Trunk的目的是保留端口。
The purpose of a trunk is to conserve ports.
4.Trunk将在一个物理链路上绑定多个虚链路,从而在两台交换
机之间允许在单一物理链路上传输多个VLAN的信息Trunking
will bundle multiple virtual links over one physical link by
allowing the traffic for several VLANs to travel over a
single cable between the switches.
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Trunk 操作(Trunking Operation)
1.Trunk机制有两种,帧过滤和帧标记,帧标记被IEEE标准化
Currently two types of trunking mechanisms exist, frame
filtering and frame tagging. Frame tagging has been
adopted as the standard trunking mechanism by IEEE.
2.帧标记在帧中插入标识符,这样可以更容易管理
Trunking protocols that use a frame tagging mechanism
assign an identifier to the frames to make their
management easier.
3.在以太网中,帧标记有两种方案
Tagging schemes for Ethernet segments :
ISL – Cisco私有(Cisco proprietary Inter-Switch Link
protocol)
802.1Q – IEEE标准(IEEE standard )
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VLANs and Trunking
Trunk 提供了在一个网络内的交换机之间高效的通信
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VLAN Trunk 协议
(VLAN Trunking Protocol )
• 1.VTP是一个通告VLAN信息的信息系统
• A messaging system that advertises VLAN configuration information
• 2.VTP维护整个管理域VLAN信息的一致性
• Maintains VLAN configuration consistency throughout a common
administrative domain
• 3.VTP仅在Trunk端口上发送通告
• VTP sends advertisements on trunk ports only
VTP Domain “szpt”
3.同步到最新的VLAN信息(Sync to the latest vlan information)
2
1.有新VLAN加入(“new vlan added”)
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VTP模式(VTP Modes)
• 创建(Create vlans)
• 修改(Modify vlans)
• 删除(Delete vlans)
• 发送或转发通告(
Sends/forwards
advertisements)
• 同步(Synchronize)
• 保存(Saved in
NVRAM)
• 转发通告(Forwards
advertisements)
• 同步(Synchronize)
• 不包存(Not saved in
NVRAM)
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Transparent
创建(Create vlans)
修改(Modify vlans)
删除(Delete vlans)
转发通告(forwards
advertisements)
不同步(does not
Synchronize)
保存(Saved in NVRAM)
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VTP怎样工作(How VTP Works)
• VTP通告以组播帧发送
• VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames
• VTPserver和client同步到最新的配置版本号
• VTP servers and clients synchronized to latest revision number
• VTP通告在变化时,或者每5分钟发送
• VTP advertisement are sent every five minutes or when there is a change
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VTP怎样工作(How VTP Works)
• VTP通告以组播帧发送
• VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames
• VTPserver和client同步到最新的配置版本号
• VTP servers and clients synchronized to latest revision number
• VTP通告在变化时,或者每5分钟发送
• VTP advertisement are sent every five minutes or when there is a change
1.Add new VLAN
2.Rev 3 --> Rev 4
3
Server
3
4.Rev 3 --> Rev 4
5.Sync new vlan info
4.Rev 3 --> Rev 4
5.Sync new vlan info
Client
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Client
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配置VTP(VTP Configuration)
• 配置Trunk接口
• (Enable trunking )
•
•
•
•
配置VTP域名
(VTP domain name )
指定VTP模式
(VTP mode (server/client/transparent)—VTP server
mode is the default)
• VTP密码(VTP password)
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创建VTP域(Creating a VTP Domain)
sw1#vlan database
sw1(vlan)#vtp domain cisco
VTP domain cisco modified
sw1(vlan)#vtp server
sw1(vlan)#vtp password cisco
sw1(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
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验证VTP配置(Verifying VTP Configurations)
Sw1#show vtp status
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定义Trunk(Defining a Trunk)
sw2(config)#int f0/12
sw2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
sw2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
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验证Trunk(Verifying a Trunk)
sw2#show interfaces trunk
Port
Mode
Encapsulation Status
Native vlan
Fa0/12 on
802.1q
trunking
1
Port
Vlans allowed on trunk
Fa0/12
1-4094
Port
Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Fa0/12
2,3
Port
Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Fa0/12
2,3
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思考题(Questions)
1. Trunk有怎样的特征?
2. 使用Trunk有什么好处?
3. Trunk有哪两种机制?
4. 帧标记有哪两种方案?
5. 什么是VTP?
6. VTP有几种模式?每种模式的特征是什么?
7. VTP是怎样工作的?
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