Introduction to Information and
Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
This material (Comp4_Unit9a) was developed by OHSU, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of
the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.
Information Systems
Learning Objectives
• Define an information system, how one is used and list examples.
(Lecture a)
• Describe the components of an information system. (Lecture a)
• Describe the process developing an information system. (Lecture b)
• Describe the different types of testing and when testing should
occur. (Lecture c)
• Describe how information systems are supported and maintained
over time. (Lecture c)
• Describe specialized information systems. (Lecture d)
• Explain how information systems are used in healthcare. (Lecture d)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Systems
• A set of interacting and interdependent
entities forming an integrated whole
• Examples:
– Biological systems
– Sociocultural systems
– Computer systems
– Business systems
Respiratory System
(clker.com, 2007, PD-US)
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Information Systems
(clker.com, 2010, PD-US)
• Set of
– People
– Processes
– Procedures
– Hardware
– Software
– Data
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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• Work together for
– Decision making
– Management
– Operational
activities
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Information Systems Tasks
• Input
– Data Entry
• Processing
– Data Manipulation
• Output
– Reports
• Feedback
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Data
• Data are raw values
– Number of hours worked
– Weight
– Medical record number
• Multiple representations
– Alpha-numeric
– Images
– Video
– Audio
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
(clker.com, 2007, PD-US)
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Information and Knowledge
• Information is data that is organized
– Relationships
– Rules
• Knowledge is the understanding of relationships
of information
(clker.com, 2007, PD-US)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Information Systems
Lecture a
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Useful Information Characteristics
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Accessible
Accurate
Complete
Relevant
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Reliable
Secure
Timely
Verifiable
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Goals of the Information System
• Improve access to information and knowledge
• Improve processes and services
• Improve communications and collaboration both
inside and outside the institution
(clker.com, 2007, PD-US)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Information Systems
Lecture a
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Information Systems Implementation
• Manual
– Paper, file based systems
– Users record data
– Experts provide analysis
(clker.com, 2007, PD-US)
• Computer based
– Hardware, software, networks
– Users record data
– Computer and experts analyze data
(clker.com, 2009, PD-US)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Business Information Systems
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Transaction processing system
Management information systems (MIS)
Decision support systems
Enterprise resource planning
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Enterprise Resource Planning
(Nikos, 2011 CC BY-SA 3.0)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Healthcare Information Systems
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Hospital/Clinic Business Information Systems
Laboratory Information Systems
Imaging Information Systems
Scheduling Systems
Clinical Decision Support Systems
Electronic Health Records
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Information Systems
Lecture a
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Components of Information Systems
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Hardware
Software
Databases
Networks
Processes
People
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Information Systems
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Processes
• Procedures for tasks
• Related to workflows
• Can be modeled
– Use case diagrams
– Activity diagrams
(Dekker, 2009, CC BY-SA 3.0)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Information Systems
Lecture a
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People: Stakeholders
(clker.com, 2011, PD-US)
• System owners
– Interested in information adding new business
knowledge
• System users
– Capture, store, process, edit and use data everyday
• System designers
– Create detailed designs
• System builders
– Create system
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Information Systems
Lecture a
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System Owners
• Usually from management
• Interested in the bottom line
– System cost
– Value or benefits returned to the business
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Information Systems
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System Users
• Majority of information workers
• Not concerned with costs/benefits
• Concerned with system functionality related to
their jobs:
– Ease of learning
– Ease of use
– Get the job done
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Information Systems
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System Designers
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Software designers/developers
Database administrators
Network architects
Web architects
Graphic artists
Security experts
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Information Systems
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System Builders
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Applications programmers
Systems programmers
Database programmers
System/Network administrators
Security administrators
Webmasters
Systems integrators
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Information Systems
Lecture a
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Systems Analysts
• Specialists who study the problems and needs
of an organization to determine how people,
data, processes and information technology can
best accomplish improvements for the business
• Bridge the gap between the perspectives of
different stakeholders
• Overlap the roles of other stakeholders
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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Project Manager
• Project teams require management
• One or more stakeholder takes on the role of
Project Manager (PM)
– Ensures on-time development
– Keeps project within budget
– Maintains acceptable quality
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Information Systems
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Information Systems
Summary - Lecture a
• Information systems combine technology, people
and processes to produce and use information
• There are many different information systems
used in businesses and institutions
• Hardware, software, databases, networks and
people are components of information systems
• People are stakeholders of information systems
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Information Systems
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Information Systems
References – Lecture a
References
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Activity Diagrams. (2011, Nov 17). Retrieved Nov 26, 2011, from Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_diagram
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Evans, A., Martin, K., & Poatsey, M. (2010). Technology in Action: Complete (7th ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.
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OpenERP. (2011, Nov 25). Retrieved Nov 26, 2011, from OpenERP: http://www.openerp.com
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Shelley, G., & Rosenblatt, H. (2010). Systems Analysis and Design (8th ed.). Boston: Course Technology.
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Shelley, G., & Vermaat, M. (2010). Discovering Computers 2011: Introductory. (1st ed.). Boston: Course
Technology.
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Stair, R., & Reynolds, G. (2010). Fundamentals of Information Systems (5th ed.). Boston: Course Technology.
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UML Activity Diagrams. (2011, Sep 5). Retrieved Nov 26, 2011, from UML Diagrams: http://www.umldiagrams.org/activity-diagrams.html
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Use Case Diagrams. (2011, Nov 25). Retrieved Nov 26, 2011, from Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_case_diagram
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Whitten, J., & Bentley, L. (2007). Systems Analysis and Design Methods (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
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Information Systems
Lecture a
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Information Systems
References – Lecture a (continued)
Images
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Slide 3: Respiratory System Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/18/2007; cited
11/20/2011]. Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-12109.html. (PD-US).
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Slide 4: Info ButtonImage [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 9/20/2010; cited 11/20/2011].
Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-blue-information-glossy-button.html. (PD-US).
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Slide 6: Audio File Icon Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/13/2007; cited 11/20/2011].
Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-3701.html. (PD-US).
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Slide 7: Lightbulb Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/18/2007; cited 11/20/2011].
Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-12330.html. (PD-US).
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Slide 9: Teamwork icon Image [image on the Internet]. c 2007 [Updated 10/11/2007; cited 11/20/2011]. Available
from: http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_teamwork.png . (GNU-GPL).
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Slide 10: Paper and Pencil Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 11/13/2007; cited 11/20/2011].
Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-1853.html. (PD-US).
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Slide 10: Computer Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 4/27/2009; cited 11/20/2011].
Available from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-26904.html. (PD-US).
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Slide 12: OpenERP Screenshot Image [image on the Internet]. Nikos (c 2011). [Updated 6/9/2011; cited
11/20/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OpenERP_V6.png. (CC BY-SA 3.0).
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Slide 15: Use Case Diagram Image [image on the Internet]. c 2002 [Updated 9/23/2009; cited 11/26/2011].
Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Use_case_restaurant_model.svg. (CC BY-SA 3.0).
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Slide 16: People Image [image on the Internet]. Public Domain. [Updated 1/6/2011; cited 11/26/2011]. Available
from: http://www.clker.com/clipart-population.html. (PD-US).
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
Version 3.0/Spring 2012
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Information Systems
Lecture a
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