Physics 12
S. Coghlan
This concept map is designed to help you;
Understand how the various different
parts of sound link together.
Study the whole section of work.
Main
Concepts
Linking
words
Printer friendly
version available
from my web site
S. Coghlan
Longitudinal wave characteristics
Standing waves - a reflection
phenomena
shows
may produce
may
produces
Interfere
Properties
may produce
Resonance
Natural vibrations
Sound
has
Longitudinal wave
characteristics
Natural vibrations
shows
produces
Resonance
may
produce
Sound
may
Interfere
has
Properties
may produce
Standing waves
- a reflection phenomena
Phase, degrees or radians
Amplitude
Level, dB
Intensity
include
changes
Inverse square
hearing
W m-2
Frequency, 20-20000 Hz
Doppler effect
Wavelength
Longitudinal wave characteristics
Natural vibrations
produces
Resonance
may
produce
shows
Sound
has
Properties
Inverse square
Level, dB
W m-2
hearing
Phase, degrees
or radians
Doppler effect
Intensity
Amplitude
Frequency
20-20000 Hz
include
Wavelength
Longitudinal wave characteristics
Natural vibrations
produces
Resonance
may
produce
shows
Sound
changes
has
Properties
Longitudinal
Reflectionwave characteristics
Echo
Reverberation
Refraction
FST - warm to cool air
SFA
- cool to warm air
Diffraction
shows
Wavelength  opening
Pipes
Disp antinode = Pressure node
has
Closed - Alternate
harmonics only 1,3,5….
Sound
Properties
Open - All harmonics possible 1,2,3….
Strings
1st harmonic - fundamental
2nd harmonic
Standing wavesAll possible
a reflection phenomena
single
multi
max
bending
include
in
have
can be
can be
in
vibration modes
Longitudinal wave characteristics
Diffraction
max
Wavelength
 opening
shows
has
Properties
Refraction
Standing waves
a reflection phenomena
bending
Sound
Echo
FST
warm to cool air
SFA
cool to warm air
single
Reflection
multi
in
Reverberation
in
Disp antinode
= Pressure node
Strings
have
vibration
modes
1st harmonic
fundamental
2nd harmonic
All possible
Pipes
can be
Open
All harmonics
possible
1,2,3….
can be
Closed
Alternate
harmonics only
1,3,5….
Longitudinal wave char
Natural f
Beats
Constructive - In phase
Destructive - Out of phase
Similar f and amplitude
If forcing vib = natural f
Natural
vibrations
shows
has
Resonance
may
produce
Sound
may
Interfere
have
forced
loud
occurs
has
may produce
Standing
a reflection
soft
Longitudinal wave characte
Natural f
forced
Natural
vibrations
shows
has
If forcing viboccurs Resonance
= natural f
Sound
has
may
may produce
Interfere
Similar f
Beats
have
and
amplitude
produces
loud
Constructive
In phase
has
soft
Destructive
Out of phase
Standing
a reflection
Your own concept
map
Single page
concept map
S. Coghlan
Main Concepts
Longitudinal wave characteristics
Standing waves - a reflection phenomena
Interfere
Properties Resonance
Natural vibrations Phase, degrees or radians
Amplitude Intensity Level, dB
Inverse square
Frequency, 20-20000 Hz
Doppler effect
Wavelength
Reflection Echo
Reverberation
Refraction
FST - warm to cool air
SFA - cool to warm air
Diffraction
Pipes
Wavelength  opening
Disp antinode = Pressure node
Closed - Alternate harmonics only 1,3,5….
Strings
Open - All harmonics possible 1,2,3….
Natural f
1st harmonic - fundamental
2nd harmonic
All possible
Beats
Similar f and amplitude
Constructive - In phase
Destructive - Out of phase
If forcing vib = natural f
You can use these Main Concepts
and Linking Words to complete your
own concept map. You can print out
the next page and use it as a
framework.
Linking Words
Printer friendly
version
available from
my web site
shows
may produce
may
produces
may produce include
has
changes
hearing
W m-2
single
multi
max
bending
include
in
have
can be
can be
in
have
forced
vibration modes
loud
soft
occurs
Printer friendly
version available
from my web site
Sound
Level, dB
Inverse square
hearing
Amplitude
Phase, degrees
or radians
W m-2
Doppler effect
Frequency
20-20000 Hz
Intensity
include
Wavelength
Wavelength
 opening
Longitudinal wave
Natural vibrations characteristics
Resonance
produces
may
produce
may
Interfere
produces
Beats
have
Similar f
and
amplitude
loud
Constructive
In phase
soft
Destructive
Out of phase
Diffraction
shows
Sound
has
changes
Refraction
Properties
may produce
Standing waves
- a reflection phenomena
in
Reflection
multi
Pipes
can be
max
single
FST
warm to
cool air
echo
reverberation
have
can be
Open
All harmonics Closed
Disp antinode
Alternate
possible
= Pressure node
harmonics only
1,2,3….
1,3,5….
SFA
cool to
warm air