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Double dividends?
WASH services, society and state in fragile contexts
Why WASH in fragile contexts?
Source: wssinfo.org
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Services for their own sake?
Source: WASH Liberia
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… or also to support states and societies
Source: WASH Liberia
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Politics matters
There is nothing new in this idea
But we need to understand more about
• How it matters: more specifically, how particular types
of governance and political factors affect service
delivery processes and outcomes (at sector and
national level)
• What to do about it: The key principles and models for
more effectively addressing these factors
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Politics matters, especially where politics are tricky
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How might WASH support peace & state-building?
Source: : AFP/ Ramzi Haidir; WASH Liberia,; Barbara van Koppen; ; Barbara van Koppen; GVI; UNAMID
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So far, so intuitive – but what is the evidence?
ODI research with Tearfund on their WASH programmes in
DRC and South Sudan
• Visibility: INGOs predominantly seen as service providers
in all project sites
• Collective action: Scope for collaboration, especially
around sanitation provision (CCMP, Central Equatoria)
• Inclusion: Who is seen to benefit from WASH services can
pose conflict risks (North Kivu, Aweil)
• Accountability: Understanding the nature of accountability
relationships between different groups is key (incl chiefs,
churches)
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A plausible framework?
Collective
action
State
capacity and
legitimacy
Visibility
Opportunity
Conditioning factors
Inclusion
Citizen
expectations
and
relations
Accountability
Conditioning factors
Entry points (mediating factors that
can be considered at programming level)
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References:
Yardley (2013) Double dividends: Exploring how water, sanitation and hygiene programmes can contribute to peace- and state-building. Teddington, UK:
Tearfund. http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WASH%20and%20PBSB%20policy%20FINAL%20web%20(1).pdf
Pickwick (2013) Double dividends? Exploring how Tearfund’s water, sanitation and hygiene programmes in South Sudan can contribute to peace- and
state-building. Humanitarian Exchange Magazine, Issue 57 May 2013. http://www.odihpn.org/humanitarian-exchange-magazine/issue-57/doubledividends-exploring-how-tearfunds-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-programmes-in-south-sudan-can-contribute-to-peace-and-state-building
Wild and Mason (2012) Examining the role of WASH services within peace- and state- building processes: findings from Tearfund programmes in the
Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of South Sudan. London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7329wash-conflict-fragile-states-water-governance
Kooy and Wild (2012) WASH service delivery in South Sudan: Contributions to Peace building and State building. ODI research report, London: Overseas
Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7331-wash-conflict-water-fragile
Kooy and Bailey (2012) WASH service delivery in DRC: Contributions to peace building and state building. ODI research report, London: Overseas
Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7330-tearfund-water-sanitation-hygiene-service-delivery-democratic-republic-congocontributions-peace-building-state-building
Mason (2012) Relationships between water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) service delivery and peace-building and state-building: a review of the
literature. ODI working paper 362, London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7132-water-supply-sanitation-hygienewash-peace-state-building
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Questions:
1.
How could things be done differently - tomorrow - in WASH
interventions in fragile states?
2.
What are the obstacles or challenges related to WASH and
peace/state building?
3.
What are the skills and capacities required within the WASH
sector (donors, NGOs, governments) to enable positive impacts on
peace and state building?
4.
How could WASH interventions make a smoother transition
between humanitarian and development activities?
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