CURRENT TRENDS
IN COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING
RENA LYSTYA NINGRUM
DINA NOVITA WIJAYANTI
KHARISMA CLEVERIAN
HESNY NENO
In 1990s, communicative approach has
been widely implemented
It describes a set of very general
principles grounded in the notion of
communicative competence
Communicative
competence
The goal of second
and foreign language
teaching
Communicative
syllabus and
methodology
The way of
achieving the goal
Communicative
language teaching
To evolve our
understanding of
the processes of
second language
learning
CURRENT COMMUNICATIVE
LANGUAGE TEACHING
THEORY
PRACTICE
A number of different
educational paradigms
and traditions
X
There is no single or a set of
practices that characterize
current communicative
language teaching
THE APPLICATION OF CLT
Depending on
teaching
context
A SET OF GENERALLY
AGREED UPON
PRINCIPLES CAN BE
APPLIED IN DIFFERENT
WAYS
The age of the
learners
The learners’
level
The students’ goals
TEN CORE ASSUMPTIONS OF CURRENT CLT
1
2
Second language learning is facilitated when learners are
engaged in interaction and meaningful communication
Effective classroom learning tasks and exercises provide opportunities
for students to negotiate meaning, expand their language resources,
notice how language is used, and take part in meaningful
intrapersonal exchange
3
Meaningful communication results from students processing
content that is relevant, purposeful, interesting and engaging
4
Communication is a holistic process that often calls upon the
use of several language skills or modalities
Language learning is facilitated both by activities that
involve inductive or discovery learning of underlying rules
of language use and organization, as well as by those
5
involving language analysis and reflection
6
Language learning is gradual process that involves
creative use of language and trial and error
7
8
9
Learners develop their own routes to language
learning, progress different rates and have different
needs and motivations for language learning
Successful language learning involves the use of
effective learning and communication strategies
The role of teacher in language classroom as facilitator
10
The classroom is a community where learners
learn through collaboration and sharing
THE CHARACTERISTICS
OF CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
They seek to develop students’ communicative competence
through linking grammatical development to the ability to
communicate
•They create the need for communication, interaction and
negotiation of meaning through the use of activities such as
problem solving, information sharing and role play
They provide opportunities for both inductive as well as
deductive learning of grammar
• They make use of content that connects to students’
lives and interest
CONTINUED
They allow students to personalize learning by applying what
they have learned to their own lives
Classroom materials typically make use of authentic texts to
create interest and to provide valid models of language
KEY COMPONENTS IN CLT
Focusing on learnercentered than
teacher-centered
Focusing on processoriented than
products-oriented
• Focusing on internal
than outside the
classroom in research
and theory building
• Focusing on the study
of individual
differences
Focusing on social
learning than
individuals
• Emphasizing on
holistic learning by
connecting the school
with the world
• Helping students
to understand the
purpose of
learning and
• Focusing on a
develop it
whole-to-part
than a part-towhole approach
• Emphasizing on
the meaning
than drills
• Focusing on lifelong learning
process
Eight Major Changes in CLT
11
Learner
authonomy
Learners choose their own learning
both content and process
The social nature
of learning
Learning is a social activity which
depends on interaction with others
2
3
Curricular
integration
English is not stand alone but linked to
others subjects in the curriculum
4
Focus on meaning
5
Diversity
6
Thinking skill
Learning activities are about
exploration of meaning
through content-based
teaching
Learners learn in different
ways and have different
stengths to develop their
learning strategies
Learners develop critical and
creative thinking to apply in
real life situation
7
Alternative
assessment
Using multiple forms of assessment
such as observation, interviews,
journals and port folios to
measure leraners’ comprehension
8
Teachers as colearners
the facilitator to try out
different alternatives
constantly
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