Year 9 Animation
Project
What are the
different types of
animation?
Think
Pair
Share
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moBeQfJ7MBU
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3hqS6JlKEc&fea
ture=relmfu
• History of CGI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSXhoCCggB8
• Who made the first animation?
• When was the first animation created?
• How were the early animations made?
• What was the first 3D computer-generated
animation?
• What is CGI?
Where is
animation used?
Think
Pair
Share
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Children’s cartoons,
Films
Gaming
Architecture
Medical simulations
Stop motion (also known as stop frame) is an animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to
move on its own. The object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the
illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a continuous sequence. Dolls with movable joints or
clay figures are often used in stop motion for their ease of repositioning. Stop motion animation using plasticine
is called clay animation or "clay-motion". Not all stop motion requires figures or models; many stop motion films
can involve using humans, household appliances and other things for comedic effect.
Stop motion animation utilises this incremental change process in its own special way. Traditionally a movie film
camera was started and stopped, one frame at a time.
While the camera was stopped an animator would adjust the figure or object the camera was pointing at. The camera
would film another frame - this would continue until all the animation was filmed
Stop motion animation can be thought of as just a series of still photographs. Objects or puppets are moved and
filmed frame by frame to simulate movement. Films like the original King Kong and Star Wars made heavy use of stop
motion animation using miniatures and puppets. This was the only way to bring objects that cannot move by
themselves to life on screen.
The advent of computer generated imagery has removed stop motion animation from the mainstream but its unique
effect and the realistic textures it brings (since actual materials are used in filming) means it will not die out
anytime soon. It is still widely used in artistic films, shorts, and commercials.
Notable feature-length films all done in stop motion animation and released in the “CGI boom era” are:
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Tim Burton’s Corpse Bride (2005)
Chicken Run (2000)
Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005)
Coraline (2009)
Its low entry price, and still unique "look" and "feel" on film means stop motion is still used on some
such as in children's programming, as well as in commercials and comic shows such as Robot Chicken. The
that the textures achieved with CGI cannot match the way real textures are captured by stop motion also
valuable for a handful of movie makers, notably Tim Burton, whose puppet-animated film Corpse Bride was
2005.
projects
argument
makes it
released in
Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images by using computer graphics. The more general
term computer generated imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation only
refers to moving images.
Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for
stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time renderings. Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer
itself, but sometimes the target is another medium, such as film.
Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques used in traditional animation
with 3D models and frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. Computer generated animations are more
controllable than other more physically based processes, such as constructing miniatures for effects shots or
hiring extras for crowd scenes, and because it allows the creation of images that would not be feasible using any
other technology. It can also allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors,
expensive set pieces, or props.
To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer screen and repeatedly replaced by a new
image that is similar to it, but advanced slightly in time (usually at a rate of 24 or 30 frames/second). This
technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures.
For 3D animations, objects (models) are built on the computer monitor (modelled) and 3D figures are rigged with a
virtual skeleton. For 2D figure animations, separate objects (illustrations) and separate transparent layers are
used, with or without a virtual skeleton. Then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes, etc. of the figure are moved by the
animator on key frames. The differences in appearance between key frames are automatically calculated by the
computer in a process known as tweening or morphing. Finally, the animation is rendered.
For 3D animations, all frames must be rendered after modelling is complete. For 2D vector animations, the rendering
process is the key frame illustration process, while tweened frames are rendered as needed. For pre-recorded
presentations, the rendered frames are transferred to a different format or medium such as film or digital video.
The frames may also be rendered in real time as they are presented to the end-user audience. Low bandwidth
animations transmitted via the internet (e.g. 2D Flash, X3D) often use software on the end-users computer to render
in real time as an alternative to streaming or pre-loaded high bandwidth animations.
Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art,
printed media, video games, films, television programs, commercials, simulators and simulation generally. The
visual scenes may be dynamic or static, and may be 2D or 3D, though the term "CGI" is most commonly used to refer
to 3D computer graphics used for creating scenes or special effects in films and television.
The term computer animation refers to dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. The term virtual world refers to agentbased, interactive environments.
Computer graphics software is used to make computer-generated imagery for movies, etc. Recent availability of CGI
software and increased computer speeds have allowed individual artists and small companies to produce professionalgrade films, games, and fine art from their home computers. This has brought about an internet subculture with its
own set of global celebrities, clichés, and technical vocabulary.
Not only do animated images form part of computer-generated imagery, natural looking landscapes, such as fractal
landscapes are also generated via computer algorithms. Modern architects use services from computer graphic firms
to create 3-dimensional models for both customers and builders. These computer generated models can be more
accurate than traditional drawings. Computer generated models used in skeletal animation are not always
anatomically correct, however, organizations such as the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute have developed
anatomically correct computer-based models.
While computer generated images of landscapes may be static, the term computer animation only applies to dynamic
images that resemble a movie. However, in general the term computer animation refers to dynamic images that do not
allow user interaction, and the term virtual world is used for the interactive animated environments.
Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the art of stop motion animation of 3D models and frameby-frame animation of 2D illustrations. Computer generated animations are more controllable than other more
physically based processes, such as constructing miniatures for effects shots or hiring extras for crowd scenes,
and because it allows the creation of images that would not be feasible using any other technology. It can also
allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without the use of actors, expensive set pieces, or props.
To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer screen and repeatedly replaced by a new
image that is similar to the previous image, but advanced slightly in the time domain (usually at a rate of 24 or
30 frames/second). This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and
motion pictures.
The uncanny valley is a hypothesis in the field of robotics[1] and
3D computer animation,[2][3] which holds that when human replicas
look and act almost, but not perfectly, like actual human beings, it
causes a response of revulsion among human observers. The "valley"
refers to the dip in a graph of the comfort level of humans as a
function of a robot's human likeness.
Mori's original hypothesis states that as the appearance of a robot
is made more human, a human observer's emotional response to the
robot will become increasingly positive and empathic, until a point
is reached beyond which the response quickly becomes that of strong
revulsion. However, as the robot's appearance continues to become
less distinguishable from that of a human being, the emotional
response becomes positive once more and approaches human-to-human
empathy levels.
This area of repulsive response aroused by a robot with appearance
and motion between a "barely human" and "fully human" entity is
called the uncanny valley. The name captures the idea that an almost
human-looking robot will seem overly "strange" to a human being,
will produce a feeling of uncanniness, and will thus fail to evoke
the empathic response required for productive human-robot
interaction
• Stop-motion – Button Moon / Flumps
• Computer animation – SIGGRAPH 2008 Computer
Animation Festival Preview
• CGI – Avatar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzPeMSn7MGw
• Uncanny valley http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNdAIPoh8a4
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Music Video
Selling something - TV advert
Educational
Entertaining
Historical
Informative
Film Trailer
Topical / Event – Olympics or Euro 2012
Sound
effects/Music
Characters
Speech
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4.
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6.
7.
Export animation from I Can Animate
Open MovieMaker and import movie
Drag and drop movie clips on to the timeline
Tools>Narrate Timeline
Save Narration files
Add Titles and Credits
Finish Movie and Save to Computer
Complete Animation Presentation
• http://www.youtu\be.com/watch?v=qW5X1S6VKQ8&fe
ature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRgTB9VS4HA&fea
ture=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1G8kXNMrks&fea
ture=related
• Mood boards
• Rough sketches of one or more
graphics for your animation
• Annotated storyboards
• Feedback from a classmate to improve
your concept design
• Theme:
• Space – futuristic- Mars
• Earth – Mountains – Grand Canyon National
Park
• Urban – graffiti – skateboarding – street
• http://www.graffiticreator.net/
• Colours
• Tools and graphical effects
• Typeface (i.e. Scores)
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Audience and Purpose
Use of colour
Use of bitmap and vector tools
Graphical effects
File type
Size
Resolution
• In general web file resolution is 72 dpi, or dots per inch.
• Print work requires at least 300 dpi resolution for photo
images. These files can be rather large in file size.
Font Style
http://www.mega80s.com/
Fill Effect
http://www.mega80s.com/
Space
Invader
Fill Effect
Stoke
Colour
#FF6992
Fill Colour
#FF5722
Fill Effect:
http://www.mega80s.com/
Shape Edge:
Feather (3)
Shape fill:
Gradient Ellipse
Colours: #9933CC
(purple) #E70CF3 (pink)
#3333CC(blue)
• Color Schemes Picker
• http://wellstyled.com/tools/colorscheme2/index
-en.html
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Frames
Frame rate
Keyframe
Movie clips
Motion Tweening
Shape Tweening
Skeleton
1) Insert > New Symbol
2) Add layers for all the different parts of
the character
3) Draw the different parts on the correct
layer
Then animate the different parts of the
character using :
• Shape tween
• Motion tween & fading you must convert to a
movie clip using Convert to Symbol>Movie Clip