Objectives:
1. To recognize different plant structures
2. To understand different functions of plant
structures
3. To learn the terminology used to identify plant
structures
1
There is tremendous
diversity in the plant
kingdom
Yet, flowering plants
have certain
structures and
functions in
common
lilly pad
vs.
cactus
2
3
4
5
Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves,
flowers and roots
Vegetative
Reproductive
6
Photosynthesis
Light is intercepted and plant
sugars are manufactured
Large flattened surface for
maximum absorption of light
energy
7
Vein
Midrib
Petiole
Stem
Stipule
8
pinnate
palmate
parallel
9
10
palmate
bipinnate
pinnate
11
Needles
Broad Leaf
Scale-like
12
opposite
whorled
alternate
13
linear
ovate
14
lanceolate
cordate
obovate
15
serrate
dentate
entire
lobed
crenate
sinuate
16
Functions
• Support leaves and buds,
branches and reproductive
structures
• Conduits for transporting
water, minerals and
manufactured food
• Some are modified for
storage
17
Two Basic Stem Types
Differ in arrangement of vascular
tissue xylem and phloem
18
phloem
cambium
xylem
Dicot
19
phloem
Monocot
xylem
cambium
20
node
internode
21
Stolon
Horizontal stem growing
on soil surface
(strawberry plant)
22
Rhizome
Grows horizontally at or just
below soil surface
(iris)
23
Tuber
Enlarged portion of
underground stem
(potato plant)
24
Functions
fibrous root
•
•
Anchor plant
Nutrient and water
absorption
• Food storage
• Two basic root
systems:
1. fibrous root
2. tap root
tap root
25
26
Functions
Reproduction
Attract pollinators
27
stigma
style
Stamen
anther
filament
pistil
ovary
petal
sepal
28
Perfect and
Complete Flowers
• Complete – flower has
stamens, pistil, petals and
sepals
• Incomplete – one of these
four parts is missing
• Perfect – flower has
functional stamens and
pistil
• Imperfect – stamens or
pistil is absent
29
30
spike
umbel
raceme
corymb
solitary
head
31
•
•
•
Mature ovary
Seeds are ovules
Ovary wall may be
fleshy
• Example fruit types
• pome
• pod
32
•
•
Matured ovule
Parts
• seed coat – protective coating
• embryo – miniature plant
• endosperm – food storage organ
embryo area
seed coat
endosperm
33
Two cotyledons (seed leaves)
34
One cotyledon (seed leaf)
35
Name the following:
1. Name this venation.
3. Name this leaf
margin.
4. Name this
inflorescence. 36
2. Name this leaf attachment.
Acknowledgements:
Acquaah, George. Horticulture: Principles and Practices. New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, 1999.
Harris, James G. and Melinda Woolf. Plant Identification Terminology: An
Illustrated Glossary. Utah: Spring Lake Publishing, 1994.
Northington, David K., Goodin, J.R. The Botanical World. Missouri: C.V.
Mosby Company, 1984.
Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification,
Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. Illinois:
Stipes Publishing Company, 1975.
Still, Steven M. Manual of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants. Illinois: Stipes
Publishing Company, 1994.
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