Kuliah Komunikasi Data
Lima Komponen Komunikasi Data
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Message: Information(data) to be communicated
Sender
Receiver
Transmission medium: Physical path by which a message travels
Protocol: A set of rules that govern data communication
Arah Aliran Data
1-3
Topology
1-4
Standards Committees
• ISO
– Voluntary international organization
• ITU-T
– Formerly, CCITT formed by UN
• ANSI
– Private non-profit corporation in the US
• IEEE
– The largest engineering society in the world
• EIA
– Non-profit organization in the US
1-5
Network Models
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Layered Tasks
The OSI Model
Layers in the OSI Model
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Addressing
2-6
Pertukaran Data Model OSI
•
Encapsulation with header and possibly trailer
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
• Host-to-network : Physical and data link layer
– No specific protocol
• Network layer
– IP(Internet Protocl), ARP(Address Resolution Protocol),
RARP(Reverse ARP), ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol),
IGMO(Internet Group Message Protocol)
• Transport layer
– TCP(Transmission Control Protocol), UDP(User Datagram Protocl),
SCTP(Stream Control Transmission Protocol),
• Application Layer
– Combined session, presentation, and application layers
2-8
Hubungan Antara Layers Dan
Pengalamatan
Transmisi Digital
1. Digital-to-Digital Conversion
2. Analog-to-Digital Conversion
3. Transmission Mode
Skema Dari Line Coding
Frequency Division Multiplexing
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FDM is an analog multiplexing technique that combines analog signals
Signals modulate different carrier frequencies
Modulated signals are combined into a composite signal
Channel - Bandwidth range to accommodate a modulated signal
Channels can be separated by strips of unused bandwidth (guard
band) to prevent overlapping
Media Transmisi
1. Guided Media
2. Unguided Media: Wireless
Jenis/kelas Dari Media Transmisi
Wired LANs: Ethernet
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
IEEE Standards
Standard Ethernet
Changes in the Standard
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE Standards
• In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a project, called
Project 802, to set standards to enable intercommunication among
equipment from a variety of manufacturers. Project 802 is a way of
specifying functions of the physical layer and the data link layer of
major LAN protocols.
Wireless LANs
1. IEEE 802.11
2. Bluetooth
Introduction to Computer Networks
Network Topology
The network topology
defines the way in which
computers, printers, and
other
devices
are
connected. A network
topology describes the
layout of the wire and
devices as well as the
paths used by data
transmissions.
The IP Addressing Scheme
• Addressing is specified by the Internet Protocol ( IP )
• Internet protocol address or IP address
– A unique 32-bit binary number
– Used for all communication with the host
• Each 32-bit IP address is divided onto two parts
– A prefix and a suffix
• Network number
– A unique value assigned to each physical network
• The IP address hierarchy guarantees that
– Each computer is assigned a unique address
– Suffixes can be assigned locally without global coordination
Classes of IP Addresses
• The class of an address determines the boundary between the
network prefix and host prefix
• IP divides host address into their primary classes A, B and C
• The first four bits of an address determines the class
• To use IP multicasting, a set of hosts must agree to share a
multicast address
Basics of Network Addressing
Every machine on the Internet has a unique
identifying number, called an IP Address.
A typical IP address looks like this:
216.27.61.137
But computers communicate in binary form.
IP Addressing
The same IP address in binary:
11011000.00011011.00111101.10001001
216.27.61.137