Video
Production
Chapter 1
Three Types of Production
» Studio
» Field Production
» Remote Production
Differences of the Production Types
» Studio
 Controlled
Environment
» Air Conditioned
» TV Lights
» Noise Controlled
 In a Television
Oriented Space
 Protected
» Field and Remote
 Uncontrollable
Environment
» Weather Elements
» Daylight
» Traffic Noise
 Not TV Friendly
 Unprotected
Studio Production
» Types of Productions
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News
Game shows
Talk shows
Morning shows
Situation comedies
Soap operas
» More than 75% of
things you watch
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CSI
Desperate Housewives
Bing Bang Theory
The Bachelor
Physical Studio Elements
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»
»
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Large Room
Concrete Floor
12 to 14 foot Ceilings
Located on Ground Floor
Large Doors
Sound Proofing Walls and Material
Technical Studio Elements
» Lots of Power - Electric
» Monitors
» Headsets
 Intercom System
» Talkback System or Studio Address
» IFB (interruptible feedback)
 Earpieces
The Control Room
» The Operation
Center for the
Director
» Usually a window
between studio
and Control Room
» Technical
Equipment
Equipment in Control Room
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Camera Monitors
Switcher
Audio Console
Graphics Generator
Server or Recorder
Dimmer Board
Prompter
Studio Layout
Field Production
» Usually involves a camcorder
» The “real world” is the set.
» Natural Lighting by the sun.
Remote Production
» Combination of
Studio and Field
Production
» May require more
cameras than studio
production
 Large Venue
 Audio difficult
» Usually uses a “TV
Truck”
The Production Path
» Transducing - Converting what we hear or see
into electrical energy, or vice versa.
» Channeling - Moving video and sound from one
place to another
» Selecting/Altering - Selecting a signal and
altering a signal.
» Monitoring - allows you to hear and see material
you are working with at various stages.
» Recording and Playback
Transducing
» Speaking into a Microphone
 Turns sound into electrical waveforms
» Diaphragm in the microphone
 Speaker does opposite
» Light into a Camera
 Turns light waves into electrical waveforms
» Camera Sensor
 Monitor does opposite
Channeling
» Cables
 Transfer the electrical energy
» Connector
 Common way for the electrical energy
to enter and exit equipment
Selecting and Altering
Signals that are transduced by
microphones or cameras and
channeled with wires and
connectors usually go to an audio
console or video switcher where
they can be selected and altering
can take place.
Monitoring
» Preview Monitors - Set up Shots before it
goes to broadcast
» Program Monitor - Displays what is
currently being broadcast.
» VU Meter - How loud audio is.
» Waveform Monitor - How bright different
parts of the camera image are
Two Forms of Signal
» Analog
» Digital
Analog
» NTSC
 Aka. Standard Definition (SD)
 Aspect Ratio - The relationship of the
height of the screen to its width.
» 720 x 480
 Square like
 525 lines of resolution
» Can Travel over Airwaves
 Need an antennae
Digital
» High Definition (HD)
 Sharper Image
 Aspect Ratio(s)
» 1280 x 720 (HD 720)
» 1920 x 1080 (HD 1080)
» Need a Channel to Distribute the
Signal
 Wire
Early Television
» After WWII it quickly grew in popularity
and replaced radio as the main
information and entertainment medium.
» ABC, CBS, NBC - dominated early TV.
» During the 1950’s live drama, variety and
quiz game shows were popular.
» In the 1980’s an 1990’s Cable and Satelite
stole viewers from the traditional TV
Networks.
Recent TV History
» The current audience is fragmenting into smaller
segments.
» The broadcast TV industry consists of program
suppliers, distributors and local stations.
» Big conglomerates own the major TV networks.
» Public broadcasting relies less on tax revenues
and more on private sources of funding.
» The Neilson company compiles both network
and local station television ratings.