About Erik Erikson
•Write on the back of your paper
•Student of Sigmund Freud
•First to recognize a lifespan
nature of development
•Identified 8 interdependent
stages
Trust vs. Mistrust
Infants: Age 0-1
 Positive Outcome:
 Negative Outcome:
Develop secure
attachment and trust
people and
environment
Develop mistrust to
people and things in
environment, even to
themselves
 Event: Feeding, sleeping,
changing diapers
Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt
Toddler: Age 1-2
 Positive Outcome:
 Negative Outcome:
They will develop self
confidence
Children may feel ashamed
of his/her behavior and
doubt their abilities.
 Event- Toilet training
Initiative vs. Guilt
Early Childhood: Age 2-6
 Positive Outcome:
 Negative Outcome:
Child positively accepts
that certain things are not
allowed.
Child may feel guilty.
 Event- Independence
 Children have developed
motor skills, and become
more involved in social
interaction
Industry vs. Inferiority
School Age: Age 6-12
 Positive Outcome:
 Negative Outcome:
Develop a sense of
self-worth
Develop a sense of
inferiority
 Event- School; children
learn to make things, use
tools, and acquire skills
to be a worker/provider.
Transition from the
world of home to peers.
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescence Age: 12-18
 Positive Outcome:
 Negative Outcome:
Strong identity, ready to
plan for the future.
Unable to make decisions
and choices
 Event- Development of
peer relationships; ask the
question “Who am I?”
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Young Adulthood: Age 19-40
 Positive Outcome:
 Negative Outcome:
Form close committed
relationships with others.
Fear commitment, feel
isolated and unable to
depend on anybody.
 Event- Develop and
intimate relationship with
another human being.
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Adulthood Age: 40-65
 Positive Outcome:
 Negative Outcome:
Having children and
nurturing, and/or helping
the next generation.
Remain self-centered and
experience stagnation later
in life.
 Event- Parenting; ability
to look outside oneself and
care for others.
Integrity vs. Despair
Late Adulthood: Age 65-death
 Positive Outcome:
 Negative Outcome:
Accept death with a sense
of integrity
Despair and fear death
 Event- Reflection on life;
One looks back on their life
and one’s role in the big
scheme of things.