中国食品安全标准与国际食品法典标准
China National Food Safety
Standards & Codex
Junshi Chen 陈君石
China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment
Outline
Food standards and food safety standards in China
Chinese food safety standards & Codex standards
Challenges
National Food Safety Control System in China
State Food
Safety Council
Coordination
Secretariat of
the Council
CFDA
MOA
Primary Ag Product
Control, incl. Pesticide
& Veterinary Drug
Residues
CFDA
Manufacture,
Distribution and
Restaurant Control
MOH
Risk Assessment,
Surveillance,
Standard, Premarket
Approval
AQSIQ
Export & Import,
Food Control &
Packaging Materials
Control
Part I
FOOD STANDARDS IN CHINA
Food safety standards system in China
Food standards: What do we have in China?
Safety standard:
mandatory
Method of
analysis:
mandatory or
voluntary
Quality standard:
mandatory or
voluntary
Good
manufacturing
practice:
Food,
additive &
packaging
Accreditation
standard:
voluntary
mandatory or
voluntary
GB
NY
QB
SB
SN
10+
Might be
everything…
Primary
products
Food
products
used to be
managed by
industry
ministries
Food
products
used to be
managed by
commerce
ministries
Food
products
managed by
export &
import point
Very
exhausting…
Food quality and food safety standards
Food quality standards
Voluntary, some mandatory
however
Focus on quality items
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Definition: composition and process
Texture and color
Nutrition requirements
Purity
Net weight
Analytical methods
Food labeling
Around 5,000 +
Developed by industry association,
approved by SAC (Standard
Administration Commission)
Food safety standards
Mandatory
Focus on safety aspects
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Contaminants
Pathogens
Pesticide residues
Veterinary drugs
Food additives
Good manufacturing practices
Analytical methods
Food labeling
Around 1,000 +
Issued by MOH
The Clean up: harmonization process
Distribution of standards to be cleaned up
269
8%
214
6%
21
1%
29
1%
Chemical test methods
1271
35%
Food products
Produce practices
525
15%
Food additives
Food packagings
Microbiological test methods
Toxicological methods
396
11%
799
23%
nutrition and special dietary
purpose
Results of clean up
Standards
Current
After clean up
1,271
250
Food products
799
79
Produce practices
396
44
Food additives
525
608
Food packagings
269
22
Microbiological test methods
214
31
Toxicological methods
21
25
Nutrition and special dietary purpose
29
8
3,524
1,067
Chemical test methods
Total
Part II
CHINA CODEX COMMITTEE
China National Codex Committee, since 1984
China National
Codex Committee
CFDA
NHFPC
MOA
Secretariat
Contact Point
AQSIQ
MOC
Delegations & Expert Panels
Industry
Associations
Work Flow at Codex Contact Point
Receive a Circular Letter
(request for Comments)
National Codex Committee
Receive Final Report of Committee
(analysis of outcome)
Committee meeting
(negotiation between countries)
Make preparation and attending
Codex Committee
(choice of national delegates)
Determine government
sections responsible
National Codex Committee
Consolidate comments
(Building national position)
Send comments to the Codex
Secretariat by Deadline
From “Silent Observer” to “Active Player”
Play active role in Codex standards setting progress
• Lead or participate in PWGs and EWGs
• Submit data (e.g. 3-MPCD, Cadmium)
• Expert panel (JECFA, JEMRA, JMPR)
Host two committees (CCPR and CCFA)
Elected as member of CCEXEC representing ASIA (2012 – 2015)
Co-Hosted several committee sessions (e.g. CCFAC,CCFFP, CCCF)
Contribution to Codex Standard Setting
CCFA: Develop and manage processing aids database
CCFAC: Led e-WG on Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Aflatoxin
Contamination in Tree Nuts
CCCF: Led e-WG on Discussion paper on the development of a Code of practice for the
prevention and reduction of arsenic contamination in rice (Step 3)
CCFH: Participated in e-WG on Code of Hygienic Practice for Powdered Formulae for
Infants and Young Children
CCFH: Participated in e-WG Principles and Guidelines for the Establishment and
Application of Microbiological Criteria Related to Foods
CCFFV: Participated in e-WG Code of Hygienic Practice for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
CCNFSDU: Participated in e-WG Guidelines for Formulated Complementary Foods for
Older Infants and Young Children
CCASIA: Proposed Regional Standard on Non-fermented soybean products (Step 5)
……
CCFA & CCPR
Participation keep stable and active
Significant progress on several
important Agenda Items:
•
GSFA
•
MRLs
•
Re-evaluation
•
Pilot Project
•
Codex Classification
•
Guidance or principles for
evaluation
Comparison of Chinese & Codex Standards
China national food safety standards
Codex standards
• Horizontal standards: GB2760, 2761,
2762…
• Horizontal standards: GSFA, MRLs,
labeling…
• Product standards: Milk, meat,
beverage…
• Commodity standards: Milk, meat,
beverage…
• Specifications on Additives
• Specifications on Additives
• Food contact & packaging materials
• N/A
• Good hygiene practices
• Code of practices & Guidelines
• Test & evaluate methods: individual
methods developed case by case
• Test & evaluate methods: AOAC list
recognized by codex
• Regulated by specific regulations
issued by MoA
• GMO, organic food
Conclusions
National standards vs Codex standards:
• Framework and most standards in line with Codex
• Inadequate emphasis on Code of Practice and Guidelines
• Need to learn from and collaborate with other countries
Challenges in China
• Coordination and collaboration between standards setting and
enforcement agencies – need improvement
• Risk assessment, as the basis for standard development – the ability
needs strengthening
• More contribution to Codex, in particular on providing national data
Thanks for
your attention!
http://www.cfsa.net.cn/