1450-1750
UNIT 4: GLOBAL INTERACTIONS
1450CE-1750CE(EARLY MODERN)
Flash write! 2 min to generate a list of as many people, places, events during the Global
Interactions Period! SILENCE!!!
DESCRIBE THE DEGREE OF GLOBAL ‘INTERCONNECTION’
AFTER 1500 CE COMPARED TO BEFORE 1500.
•
By the year 1500, many discoveries in Europe allowed them to travel further, connecting
them to the Indian Ocean trade routes as well as to the new world. This was a major
increase in global ‘interconnectedness,’ as these regions had been previously relatively
isolated.
WHERE DID ZHENG HE AND THE CHINESE TREASURE
FLEETS TRAVEL?
•
Official Chinese maritime activity
expanded into the Indian Ocean region
with the naval voyages led by Ming
Admiral Zheng He which enhanced
Chinese prestige.
HOW WERE ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS
MINORITIES TREATED IN VARIOUS EMPIRES?
•
Blacks were considered inferior in the Americas as they were slaves. This means
that they were exploited as a labor force and had less rights.
•
-Native Americans were considered to be savages by the Europeans, which led to
conflicts between the two.
•
-Cults in Mexico convulsed the Church. Missionaries attempted to convert the cults
through peaceful and violent methods
•
WHAT ROLE DID RELIGION PLAY IN LEGITIMIZING
POLITICAL RULE?
•
Rulers used religious ideas to legitimize their rule. (such as European notions of divine
right, the Safavid use of Shiism, the Mexica or Aztec practice of human sacrifice, the
Songhay promotion of Islam or the Chinese emperors’ public performance of Confucian
rituals)
WHAT ROLE DID SILVER PLAY IN FACILITATING A
TRULY GLOBAL SCALE OF TRADE?
•
Commercialization and the creation of
a global economy were intimately
connected to new global circulation of
silver from the Americas. ( Potosi,
manila Galleons)
WHAT WERE UNINTENTIONAL BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE?
•
European colonization of the Americas led to the spread of diseases endemic in the
Eastern Hemisphere. (such as smallpox, measles or influenza) among Amerindian
populations and the unintentional transfer of pests. (such as mosquitoes or rats)
HOW DID THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE AFFECT
RELIGION(S)?
•
Syncretic forms of religion developed. (such as African influences in Latin America
(Voodoo), interactions between Amerindians and Catholic missionaries, or Sikhism
between Muslims and Hindus in India and Southeast Asia)
WHAT WERE THE MAJOR NOTABLE
TRANSOCEANIC VOYAGES BETWEEN 1450-1750
CE?
•
1492: Christopher Columbus discovered the Caribbean on a Spanish funded voyage.
•
Vasco de Gama sailed around Africa into the Indian Ocean.
•
Magellan Circumnavigated the world
•
James Cook helped create an accurate map of the world
WHAT TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS MADE TRANSOCEANIC
EUROPEAN TRAVEL & TRADE POSSIBLE?
• Caraval
• Astrolabe
• New Maps
• Monsoon winds
knowledge
• Volto do mar
• Wind Wheels
European technological developments in
cartography and navigation built on previous
knowledge developed in the classical, Islamic, and
Asian worlds, and included the production of new
tools and innovations in ship designs, and an
improved understanding of global wind and currents
patterns — all of which made transoceanic travel
and trade possible.
DESCRIBE LABOR SYSTEMS IN THE NEW WORLD
DURING TIME PERIOD 4
•
Mita- adapted from the Incas, indigenous people would work several months out of the
year in Spanish mines or Haciendas
•
Encomienda’s- Conquistadors were given plots of land where they controlled all the land
resources people on that territory
•
Chattel Slavery
•
Indentured Servitude
THIS PHOTOGRAPH REFLECTS THE
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE PREFERRED BY WHICH
EMPIRE?
WHAT PLANTS/ANIMALS WERE DELIBERATELY
TRANSFERRED ACROSS THE ATLANTIC AS PART OF
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE?
•
Horses ( Afro-Eurasia)
•
Cattle ( Afro-Eurasia)
•
Pigs( Afro-Eurasia)
•
Okra ( Africa)
•
Rice
Afro-Eurasian fruit trees, grains, sugar, and
domesticated animals were brought by Europeans to
the Americas, while other foods were brought by
African slaves
WHERE DID TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS THAT MADE
TRANSOCEANIC EUROPEAN TRAVEL & TRADE POSSIBLE
ORIGINATE?
WHAT WERE EFFECTS OF THE COLUMBIAN
EXCHANGE?
HOW DID THE ROLE OF AFRICA, THE AMERICAS, ASIA, AND
EUROPE DEVELOP IN THIS NEW WORLD-WIDE POLITICAL
ORDER?
-Africa supplied the labor force (slaves) for
empires in some colonies
-the Americas became the site of new colonies
of the Spanish and British Empires
-Asia-In the seventeenth century Chinese and
Japanese citizens participated in the growing
opportunities as colonists. Site of European
trading empires.
-Europe- Great Britain and Spanish civilizations
had empires. Portugal and the Netherlands had
more of a trading empire in Southeast Asia.