How does talking work?
What are different types of speech?
THE SPEECH COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
Speech communication is a
process and cannot occur with
a singular person.
 Talking to yourself is NOT communication
 Public speaking and conversations are not the
same types of communication
Difference between Public
Speaking & Conversations
 PS is more highly structured
 PS is a more formal process
 PS requires a different method of delivery
 Public Speakers do not necessarily receive
immediate feedback. They must however,
interpret nonverbal cues.
Components of the Speech Communication Process:
the process through which meaning is crafted,
sustained and communicated
1. Speaker: the person presenting an oral message to the listener
2. Message: whatever the speaker conveys to the auditors
3. Listener/Auditor: the person(s) receiving the message
4. Frame of Reference : the sum of a person’s knowledge,
experience, goals, values and attitudes
5. Feedback: the messages, usually nonverbal, that are sent from
the listener to the speaker
6. Interference : anything that effects the reception of the
speaker’s message
(Internal or External to the listener)
7. Situation : time and place in which the communication occurs
When a crafting a speech…
 You should keep all of these components
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in mind:
Will I as a speaker be ready to speak?
Is my message prepared?
How will auditors receive it?
What types of nonverbal cues should I
watch for?
What might interfere?
Where will I be speaking?
Organization:
there are different ways to organize a speech
 Chronologically: follow a time pattern
 Spatially: directional pattern
 Cause and Effect: first point explains a situation or idea
and the following points enumerate the effects or results
of the initial point
 Problem and Solution: first points explain a dilemma or
issue while the others propose or reject manners in which
to resolve the problem
 Topical: a main topic is subdivided into smaller
supporting topics
After you choose your focus for
your Speech of Introduction, you
must decide how to organize it.
Your introduction to ANY speech
should:
 1. State and establish the importance of your
topic
 2. Have a clear thesis that clearly conveys
your thesis
 3. Establish your credibility… (how?)
 4. Preview the rest of your speech
Within the body you need
examples and evidence that…
 Prove the importance of the topic
 Startle or interest the audience
 Arouse curiosity
You also must have a conclusion…
It should…
 Signal to the audience that you are about to
end the speech
 Reinforce the audience’s understanding of
the thesis
 Do NOT say “In conclusion…”
Let’s look at the rubric and
requirements for your first
speech:
 Go to Sharepoint and download the rubric for
the “Speech of Self Introduction”