Conditionals
Do Now: Complete the following
superstitions with complete sentences
• If you find a penny…
• If you break a mirror…
• If you walk under a ladder…
• If you swallow watermelon seeds…
Zero Conditional
• Uses: Use the zero conditional to talk
about scientific facts, constant laws of
nature, unchangeable rules, customs
and personal routines.
First Conditional
• Uses: Use the first conditional to talk
about probable/possible conditions in
the future, or for threats or warnings
involving direct action.
•
•
Formula: present simple, future
•
Positive Example: If it rains
tomorrow, I will bring my umbrella.
•
Negative Example: If you don´t like
a food, don´t eat it.
•
•
•
Formula: present simple, present
simple
Positive Example: If/When it is lunch
time in London, it is breakfast time in
New York.
Negative Example: If/When it is not
below zero degrees Celsius, it is not
snowing.
Notes: Either if or when can be used
in the if-clause.
•
Notes: You can use an imperative in
the main clause
You can use the present continuous or
present perfect instead of the present
simple.
• If there is a zombie attack, they will shut down
the school.
• If they shut down the school, I won’t get to go
to class.
• If I don’t get to go to class, I will join the army.
• If I join the army, I will fight against the
zombies.
• If I fight against the zombies, I will become a
war hero.
Do Now:
Finish each of these sentences.
• When you arrive late to school…
– you have to go to the office.
• If it doesn´t stop raining before CAS…
– we will play volleyball inside.
• If Moni were taller…
– she would ride on the rollercoaster.
• If it hadn´t been so cold yesterday…
– I would have gone to the game.
Second Conditional
• Uses: Use the second conditional
Third Conditional
to talk about unreal or hypothetical • Uses: Use the third conditional to
situations in the present or
talk about past events that are
improbable events in the future.
untrue.
• Formula: past simple, would /
wouldn´t + infinitive
• Formula: past perfect, would have
/ wouldn’t have + past participle
• Positive Example: If I met Obama,
I would ask for his autograph.
• Positive Example: If you had paid
attention, you would have known
what to do.
• Negative Example: If I didn´t have
a small house, I would invite you
all to a party.
• Notes: You can use the past
continuous instead of the past
simple.
• Instead of would, you can use
could or might.
• Negative Example: If they had not
been looking the other way, they
would have seen the sign.
• Notes: You can use the past perfect
continuous instead of the past
perfect.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• If she had studied, she ____
(pass) the exam.
• If she had studied, she would
have passed the exam.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• If I hadn't eaten so much, I ____
(feel) sick last night.
• If I hadn't eaten so much,
I wouldn’t have felt sick last
night.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• She wouldn't have been tired if
she ____ (go) to bed earlier.
• She wouldn’t have been tired if
she had gone to bed earlier.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• She _____ (become) a teacher if
she had gone to university.
• She would have become a
teacher if she had gone to
university.
Conjugate the verb in parentheses
• He would have been on time for
the interview if he _____
(leave) the house at nine.
• He would have been on time for the
interview if he had left the house at
nine.
Practice
• Directions: Write a dialogue for an argument
between two people (based on the card you
draw).
– Include at least five examples each (ten total) of
the third conditional.
– Include at least two vocabulary words from the
board.
– Your argument must have some sort of resolution.
Mixed Conditionals
• When we talk about mixed
conditionals, we are referring to
conditional sentences that combine
two different types of conditional
patterns.
Mixed 3/2 Conditional
• 3rd conditional in the if-clause followed by
a 2nd conditional in the main clause
If Clause (3rd)
If + had/hadn’t +
past participle
Main Clause (2nd)
Would/wouldn’t +
infinitive
Example:
If he had taken the medication as
prescribed, he wouldn't still be sick in
bed.
Mixed 3/2 Conditional
• With this combination we are
describing what the outcome would
be in the present, if things had
happened differently in the past.
the opposite of what actually happened
Example: If she had taken reasonable
precautions, she wouldn't be pregnant now.
Hypothetical present outcome
What is the difference between the third
conditional and the mixed conditional?
3rd Conditional
• Describes what the
outcome would have been
in the past, if things had
happened differently in the
past.
• Example: If Vika hadn’t
given birth to a unicorn, she
wouldn’t have gone to the
hospital last night.
Mixed Conditional
• Describes what the
outcome would be in the
present, if things had
happened differently in the
past.
• Example: If Vika hadn’t
given birth to a unicorn,
she wouldn’t be a mother
today.
Mixed 3/2 Conditional
• 2nd conditional in the if-clause followed by
a 3rd conditional in the main clause
If clause (2nd)
If + simple past
Main Clause (3rd)
Would/wouldn’t + have +
past participle
Example: If you weren´t so scary, you
wouldn’t have made the baby cry.
Mixed 2/3 Conditional
• With this combination we are
describing ongoing circumstances or
characteristics in relation to a past
event.
ongoing characteristic
Example: If you weren't such a poor dancer,
you would've got a job in the chorus line in
that musical.
past event
Mixed Conditinal Practice
• If you weren't so blind to his faults, you
____________________that he was out
to swindle you. (realize)
• If you weren't so blind to his faults, you
would've realized that he was out to
swindle you.
Mixed Conditional Practice
• If he hadn't run after the car thief and
suffered a heart attack, he
____________________ (die).
• If he hadn't run after the car thief and
suffered a heart attack, he wouldn't have died.
Mixed Conditional Practice
• She wouldn’t need a visa to work here if she
__________________ (be) born in Europe.
• She wouldn’t need a visa to work here if she
had been born in Europe.
Mixed Conditional Practice
• Sam would have translated the letter for you if
he ______________ (speak) Russian.
• Sam would have translated the letter for you if
he spoke Russian.
Do Now
• Directions: Complete the following sentences
using either the 3/2 or 2/3 mixed conditional.
1. If he hadn’t lost his mind….
2. You would have got the girl….
3. Perry would be a millioinaire….
4. If she weren´t so spoiled….