Mustang Minute
O What makes a good speech? What should a
presenter do in order to be convincing and
powerful?
Claim
O Often called a “thesis O Example:
statement” or “main
idea” of your paper
O Stake out a position
and prove why it is a
good position for a
person to hold.
O Ask yourself, “What is
the/my point?”
O “The end of segregation in
the South was inevitable.”
O “Oreos should be the
national cookie.”
O “All teenagers should be
allowed to carry
backpacks.”
Reasons + Evidence
Reasons
•Support of your claim,
•Tell why you think what you think.
•A rough outline of your essay: the
claim and the reasons you will give for
supporting it. (Thesis much)
•Example:
•Claim: Flight attendants who suffer from diseases
shown to be connected to inhaling secondhand
smoke on airlines should have the costs of their
treatment and disability covered by tobacco
companies.
•Reason: Tobacco companies have concealed
evidence that nicotine causes cancer. Studies show
that secondhand smoke can be damaging.
•REASONS ARE NOT ENOUGH!
Evidence
O Show specific evidence
supporting your reasons.
O Concrete evidence:
O
O
O
O
O
facts
Statistics
First-hand stories
Examples
Expert testimony
O Explain how this research
supports your claim and
reasons
Counter-Claim
O Anticipate and
O How do I do this?
O Do some research. It may seem
like no one would disagree with
your position but someone
probably has or will.
O Talk with a friend or with your
teacher.
address counterclaims or objections.
O “Counter” means
O
against.
O Ask yourself: “How
might someone who O
disagrees with me
O
respond to my points.”
For example: You may claim “Cats
make the best pets because they
are self-cleaning and
independent.”
Imagine someone saying, “Cats do
not make the best pets. They are
dirty and needy.”
How would you respond or prove
them different?
The Rhetorical Triangle
O Remember:
O Ethos = Expert on
topic
O Logos = Logic,
Facts/Statistics,
Common knowledge
O Pathos = Emotions
(Pity), Experiences
Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
O Delivered on August 19, 1588 by
Queen Elizabeth I of England to
the land forces assembled in
preparation for the impending
invasion by the Spanish Armada.
O The Armada had been drive out of
the Strait of Dover in the Battle of
Gravelines eleven days earlier,
and by now rounded Scotland on
its way home, but troops were still
being held at the ready in case
the Spanish army decided to
invade from Dunkirk. Two days
later the troops were discharged.
O The Queen left her bodyguards
and went before the assembled
troops with only an escort of 6
advisors.
1.
Speech to the Troops at Tilbury:
Partner
Analysis
Read through each phrase/sentence
Select a different color crayon that
out-loud with your partner.
2.
Finish identifying Ethos, Pathos, and
Logos using 3 different crayons.
O
ETHOS: how does the speaker
establish themselves as an
expert? Do they mention anyone
else who could be an expert?
O
LOGOS how does the speaker use
facts/statistics/common
knowledge to support their claim?
Are they effective? Why or why
not?
O
PATHOS: what emotions is the
speaker trying to make the
audience feel? How does the
speaker accomplish this?
3.
When you underline something,
explain in the margin with your pen
how/why that is an example of Ethos,
Pathos, or Logos.
4.
you have NOT YET used.
5.
As a partnership,
O Identify the CLAIM. Why do you
think so? How do you know? Does
anyone disagree? Why?
O What REASONS does the speaker
provide for this CLAIM?
O What EVIDENCE does the speaker
provide? Is this convincing
EVIDENCE?
O Is there a COUNTER-CLAIM? Why do
you think so? How do you know?
Does anyone disagree? Why?
6.
Answer the questions on the back of
the worksheet in complete
sentences. Be sure to fill in the space
provided and be specific.
*If you are off task (talking to another
group, discussing something not related to
the article, etc.) you will be assigned a
second article to analyze.
Speech to the Troops at
Tilbury: Let’s Analyze
O
O
O
O
O
O
Queen Elizabeth I is sending her men to fight the Spanish Armada. What do you know
about the audience based on the information in the speech? How does she take the
audience into account?
How does Queen Elizabeth I use the audience’s faith and belief in God as a way to
convince them to believe and agree with her? Why is it a good idea for her to remind
them of her divine right as a ruler before sending them into battle?
At one point she says that she is going to fight beside them, and then she says she will
not. Explain what she means and what she is doing here. How is she manipulating her
audience?
Identify an appeal to pathos. How is it effective?
One appeal to logos she makes is when she reminds them that she will be paying
them money to fight. To which audience is she specifically speaking when she
mentions this?
One effective rhetorical device in this speech is her manipulation of diction. Provide
one example of effective word choice and discuss how this word/phrase impacts the
quality of the argument.
Speech to the Troops at
Tilbury: Let’s Discuss
O This is a successful speech. Why?
O What is Queen Elizabeth’s Claim? What is she
trying to convince her audience of?
O Does she reference any type of Counter-Claim?
Why or why not?
O Elizabeth uses all of the appeals – logos,
pathos, and ethos – to convince all of her
listeners to fight for her from the loyal follower to
the greedy mercenary. How?
O The tone shifts throughout the
selection. Where? But more importantly, why?