THE COLD WAR
COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER I N CHI NA
WARS IN KOREA AND VI ETNAM
THE COLD WAR DI VIDES THE WORLD
COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER
IN CHINA
COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS
• Nationalists & Communists fought for control
in China during 1930s
Communists
Nationalists
Mao Zedong
Jiang Jieshi
Northwest China
Southwest China
Soviet supported
US supported
• Joined forces to fight Japan during WWII
• After WWII, fighting continued,1946-1949
COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS
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Communists well trained in guerilla war
Communists promised land to peasants
1949, Communists won the civil war
Nationalists fled to Taiwan
COMMUNISTS VS NATIONALISTS
• 1. What two groups fought the civil war?
• 2. Who led them?
• 3. Who won the civil war and why?
THE TWO CHINAS AFFECT
THE COLD WAR
• US helped Nationalists create new government
• “Republic of China”
• Soviets helped Mao Zedong & his government
• “People’s Republic of China”
• Communist China tried to expand power
• Invaded Mongolia, Tibet and India
THE TWO CHINAS AFFECT
THE COLD WAR
• 4. How did the superpowers take sides with the two
Chinas?
• 5. Which side did each superpower support?
THE COMMUNISTS
TRANSFORM CHINA
• Mao Zedong plans to rebuild China
• Seized land from landowners, gave to
peasants
• Created collective farms, communes
• Land belonged to the group (no private property)
• Took control of China’s industries
• Increased production of industrial goods
• Coal, cement, steel, electricity
THE COMMUNISTS
TRANSFORM CHINA
• “Great Leap Forward”
• Create larger, more productive farms
• Take
• Plan failed
• 1958-1961: famine killed millions
THE COMMUNISTS
TRANSFORM CHINA
• Mao tried to revive revolution, “Cultural Revolution”
• Goal: society of peasants & workers in which all were equal
• “Red Guards,” militia of student-soldiers (teenagers)
• “learn revolution by making revolution”
• Shut down schools
• Killed thousands that resisted
• mostly intellectuals that were against revolution
• China in chaos
• Factories shut down
• Farm production dropped
• End of “Cultural Revolution”
THE COMMUNISTS
TRANSFORM CHINA
• 6. What are changes that Mao made to China?
• 7. Why do you think the Revolution failed?
WARS IN KOREA AND
VIETNAM
WAR IN KOREA
• Korea divided into 2 nations after WWII
• North of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Soviets
• South of 38th parallel, Japan surrendered to Allies
WAR IN KOREA
• 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea
• US & other UN nations sent troops to help
South Korea
• General Douglas MacArthur led the attack on
North Korea
• 1953: cease-fire
• 38th parallel remains dividing line
WAR IN KOREA
• North Korea: Communist government
• Strong army, tight gov’t control
• Economic problems
• South Korea: dictators
• US aid: helped economy grow
• 1987 began elections
WAR IN KOREA
• 8. Describe the division of Korea?
• BrainPop: Korean War
WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM
• France had control of Vietnam for ~100yrs
• Nationalist leader, Ho Chi Minh, defeated French
after WWII
• Ho Chi Minh received aid from Communists
• US fearful of domino theory: if one country falls to
communism, surrounding countries will, too
• Vietnam was split in two
WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM
North Vietnam
South Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh
Ngo Dinh Diem
Communist,
Non-Communist
Vietcong: rebel fighters
Support from China & Soviet Union
Support from US & Allies
WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM
• US sent troops to help Vietnam to prevent entire
country from becoming communist
• Many Americans opposed the war
• Vietnamization:
• US pulls out of the war, 1973
• North Vietnam overran the South
• Vietnam still Communist today
WAR BREAKS OUT IN VIETNAM
• 9. What is the domino theory?
• 10. What happened in Vietnam after the United
States withdrew?
• BrainPop Vietnam War
THE COLD WAR
DIVIDES THE WORLD
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
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After WWII, world is grouped into THREE “worlds”
First World: United States & Allies
Second World: Soviet Union & Communist Nations
Third World: developing nations of Africa, Asia &
Latin America
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• Third World nations: serious problems from
colonialism
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Political unrest
Poverty
Lack of education
Limited or no technology
• Many tried to remain non-aligned, to stay out of
Cold War
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• 11. What problems did Third World nations face?
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• Fidel Castro, a revolutionary overthrew Cuban
government
• Social reforms, ended elections, jailed/executed
opponents, censorship
• Nationalized economy (took away private ownership)
• US began trade embargo
• Gained economic support from Soviet Union
• Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cuba
• US & Soviet Union ALMOST went to war
FIGHTING FOR THE THIRD WORLD
• US supported dictator in Nicaragua
• Government fell to Communist rebels
• Led by Daniel Ortega
• Nicaragua began to support Communist rebels in El
Salvador
• US began to aid Nicaraguan rebels fighting against
communist
• Civil war continued for 10 years
THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD