BELL RINGER

Please be prepared for your reading quiz.

http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/renaissan
ce/counter.html
AGENDA/OBJECTIVES
Reading Quiz
 Let’s see what you know!
 Causes of the Reformation
 Growing problems within the Catholic Church
 Who is Martin Luther?
 Followers of Martin Luther.
 Violence: Catholics vs. Protestants – what is to
come?
 The Catholics strike back!

SEE WHAT YOU KNOW!
1. What is an indulgence?
 2. where did Martin Luther nail his 95 theses?
 3. What happened to Luther in the Catholic
Church?
 4. Why did King Henry VIII break off from the
Catholic Church?
 5. Who did Elizabeth I defeat in 1588? Why
was this important?

CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION

The renaissance secular ideas challenged the
authority of the church.

The printing press helped spread these secular
ideas.
CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION

Merchants grew tired of paying church taxes to
Rome.

Leaders resented the pope (felt they were
being controlled)
GROWING PROBLEMS

Popes spent money like A-rod and started beef
worse than 50 cent.

Priest and monks became increasingly less
educated.

Married, Gambled, and drink to excess– When
in Vegas?
EARLY CALLS TO REFORM
Christian Humanist criticized the church.
 i.e. Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More


1490s – Girolamo Savonarola preached in
Florence until executed for “heresy”.
MARTIN LUTHER
Monk
 Taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg
 In 1517, became public about the sale of
indulgences.
 October 31, 1517 nailed the 95 theses to the
door of the castle church in Wittenberg.

MARTIN LUTHER
Eventually wanted a full reform of the church.
 3 teachings:
 1. Win salvation only through faith in God.
 2. Church teachings should only be based on
the bible.
 3. All people with faith were equal.

RESPONSE TO LUTHER

His ideas spread rapidly

Pope Leo X threatened to excommunicate
Luther if he did not take back his statements.

Luther refused and he was excommunicated.
RESPONSE TO LUTHER
Emperor Charles V put Luther on trial and
declared him an outlaw and heretic.
 Stated no one was to give him shelter or feed
him.
 People disobeyed this decree where Luther
stayed.
 In 1522, Luther returned to Wittenberg and
found most people were using his ideas.
 They were called Lutherans.

IDEAS
Priest dressed in ordinary clothes.
 They were free to marry.
 Led services in German rather than Latin.

IMPACT OF WRITING IN THE VERNACULAR
Luther rewrote the bible into German (his
vernacular)
 The push of rewriting the bible into the
vernacular led to literacy rates rising as a
consequence.

WRITING ACTIVITY
Imagine you are Martin Luther and you are
getting ready to walk up to the church door and
nail the 95 theses.
 Create a quick rap or poem that depicts what
must have been going through his mind.
 Remember – He knew he was risking his life
and faith.

THE REFORMATION CONTINUES…
In 1536, John Calvin published a book called
Institutes of the Christian Religion.
 It created a system of Protestant theology.

JOHN CALVIN

Taught men and women were sinful by nature.

Preached the idea of Predestination
PREDESTINATION

God has known since the beginning of time
who will be saved.
CALVINISM

Religion based on John Calvin’s teachings.
JOHN CALVIN
Preached the idea of Theocracy.
 A government controlled by religious leaders.

GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
1541 – Protestants asked Calvin to run their city.
 Strict rules:
 -Church attendance mandatory
 -No bright colored clothes
 -No playing card games


Punishment = imprisonment, excommunication,
banishment
JOHN KNOX

1559- visited Geneva and learned the ideas of
Calvin.

Returned home to Scotland and put Calvin’s ideas
to work and started the Presbyterians.
FRANCE

Followers of John Calvin were called
Huguenots.
AUGUST 24, 1572
The Catholic feast of St. Bartholomew’s Day. At
dawn Catholic mobs began hunting for
Protestants and killing them.
 Lasted 6 months.
 Up to 12,000 Huguenots were killed.

OTHER REFORMERS
Protestants taught the bible is the source of all
truth about religion.
 Christians interpreted the bible for themselvesgroups formed based on these interpretations.

THE ANABAPTISTS
Group that only baptized people who were old
enough to decide to be Christian.
 Both persecuted by the Protestants and
Catholics.
 Survivors became Amish.

CATHOLIC REFORMATION
Also known as the Counter Reformation.
 Ignatius Loyola wrote Spiritual Exercises.
 Book laid out day to day meditations, prayer,
and study.

IGNATIUS LOYOLA
1540 – The pope made Ignatius followers into
a religious order called the Society of Jesus.
 Also called Jesuits.

HOMEWORK
Give a 3 paragraph summary of what
happened in England during the reformation
involving King Henry VIII.
 Research these questions
 1. who were the two most notable popes in the
counter reformation and what did they do?
 2. What was the Council of Trent?
 3. What is the legacy of the Reformation?

JESUITS
3 activities:
 1. Create superb schools
 2. Convert non-Christians to Catholics
 3. Stop Protestantism from spreading

THE ENGLISH REFORMATION

http://www.cbc.ca/player/Shows/Shows/The+
Tudors/Web+Exclusives/ID/1237287107/
ON A SHEET OF PAPER
Answer these questions:
 1. Who was Martin Luther?
 2. Why did Henry VIII break off from the
Catholic Church?
 3. Define the term Vernacular?
 4. What book did Niccolo Machiavelli write?
 5. Name one painting that came from Leonardo
da Vinci.
