The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 12 Sections 3 and 4
Lesson Objectives
181. Describe the factors that set the stage for
the Protestant Reformation.
182. Explain how the Protestant Reformation is
spread by the ideas of Martin Luther.
183. Describe the ideas of John Calvin and
define predestination.
181. Describe the factors that set
the stage for the Protestant
Reformation.
Church Abuses
• The Popes of the Catholic Church had become
heavily involved in political affairs.
• The Popes lived lavish lifestyles.
• Charged fees for administering sacraments;
baptism, marriage, etc.
• Indulgences- people would pay in order to
spend less time in purgatory waiting to go to
heaven.
182. Explain how the Protestant
Reformation is spread by the ideas
of Martin Luther.
Martin Luther: Catalyst of
Change
Martin Luther
• German monk and
professor.
• Became
disillusioned with
the corruption in
the Catholic Church.
• Led a revolt against
the Catholic Church.
Writing the 95 Theses
• In 1517 a priest in Wittenberg,
Germany sold indulgences to
rebuild a cathedral.
• These indulgences would send
anyone who purchased them
a direct route to heaven along
with all of their family.
• Martin Luther argued
indulgences had no place in
the Catholic Church.
• Christians could be saved only
through faith.
Igniting a Firestorm
• Copies of the 95 Theses
were distributed
throughout Europe.
(Printing Press)
• He was excommunicated
by the Pope in 1521.
• The Holy Roman Emperor,
Charles V summoned him
to a diet, “day of meeting”,
at Worms.
• He was declared an outlaw
by the Emperor but had
many followers.
Luther’s Teachings
• Salvation is achieved
through faith.
• Accepts some of the
sacraments and rejects
others.
• No Pope- elected councils
instead.
• The Bible alone was the
source of truth.
• People read and interpret
the Bible for themselves.
Luther’s Ideas Spread
• Printing Press- spread Luther’s ideas quickly
and effectively.
• Some German princes supported Luther.
Why?
1. Liked his ideas
2. Wanted to reduce power of the Church over
them.
3. Wanted to take Church lands.
The Peace of Augsburg
• Charles V tried to force
German princes back into
the Catholic Church.
• Fought wars over religion.
• 1555- signed the Peace of
Augsburg- allowed nobles
to decide what religion
their kingdom would
follow; Catholicism or
Lutheranism.
183. Describe the ideas of John
Calvin and define predestination.
John Calvin in Switzerland
• Trained as a priest and
lawyer.
• Preached predestinationthe idea that God had
long ago predetermined
who would achieve
salvation (go to heaven).
• Two kinds of people
– Saints
– Sinners
Predestination
England- Henry VIII
• The reformation spread to
England.
• Changes were sought for
much different reasons in
England than in Germany
with Martin Luther.
• Henry VIII wanted to be able
to get a divorce, which the
Catholic Church would not
allow. (he had 6 wives
overall)
• So he broke away from the
Catholic Church and started
his own church named the
Anglican Church.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pb4j29Ab
QXQ
Spread of Protestantism