LINCOLN’S SECOND
INAUGURAL
ADDRESS
AP English Language
Mr. Gallegos
Semester One
Warm-Up
• Please read Pages 157-159 from the Barron’s
Study Book and complete the Mini-Workout
worksheet by correcting the faulty parallel
structure in the ten sentences.
Parallel Structure Answers
• 1. but explains that it’s all right to seek help.
• 2. An easier and more direct route
• 3. plays forward on the basketball team
• 4. go out to eat
• 5. both angry and disappointed
• 6. better than taking a sailboat
• 7. knocked down not only the tree
• 8. and party with friends
• 9. The mouse will either find a quick way into the attic or
gnaw
• 10. and amazingly entertaining
Learning Objectives
• Content Objective: Students will be able to analyze the
Second Inaugural Address by Abraham Lincoln and
evaluate the use of rhetorical strategies used by President
Lincoln.
• Language Objective: Students will read the selection
and annotate the text for rhetorical strategies, diction, and
parallelism.
• Language Objective: Students will practice grading
sample essays about the Second Inaugural Address by
Abraham Lincoln and justify their grade.
Key Vocabulary
• Ethos is an appeal to character by demonstrating that the
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speaker is trustworthy and credible. Ethos often stresses
shared values between the speaker and the audience.
Logos is an appeal to logic or reason by offering clear
and rational ideas to back up your thesis, or claim.
Pathos is an appeal to emotion. An argument should
never be based solely on pathos. Figurative language,
personal anecdotes, and vivid images are commonly
used.
To evaluate is to grade and make a judgment about
something.
To justify is to back-up what you are proposing.
Parallelism
• Balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or
clauses.
• Think of it in the form of antithesis. It is parallel structure
that juxtaposes contrasting ideas. Think of contrasts.
• “When there is need of silence, you speak, and when
there is need of speech, you are dumb; when you are
present, you wish you were absent, and when absent, you
desire to be present; in peace you are for war, and in war
you long for peace; in council you descant on bravery, and
in the battle you tremble.”
• Example: Justice of the northern effort with the injustice
for slavery.
Annotation
• Annotate the text for rhetorical appeals. Don’t forget
to look for ethos, pathos, and logos.
• Highlight examples of diction and the effect of the diction
in the sentence, paragraph.
• Make sure that you review the writing prompt looking for
key requirements.
• Try and annotate next to clues you find about what
Lincoln’s purpose is in the speech.
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
Writing Rubric
• As you will recall from your course syllabus, the AP gives
essays scores ranging from 1-9. A nine is the highest
possible score and a 1 is the lowest.
• Papers scoring above a 4 are considered to be in the
upper-half of all essays. This needs to be your goal.
• Let’s look at what is required to get a score above a 5 so
that we can evaluate the sample essays that have been
submitted to AP.
Evaluating Samples
• Look at the following sample essays and jot down the
grade you would assign each of these papers according
to the AP English Language Rubric for this specific
question.
• Write down your reasoning (justification) for the grade you
would assign this paper.
• Rank the papers from best paper to the worst paper.
Exit Ticket
• What did you learn from the evaluation of student
samples that you can apply to your own writing.
• What aspect of your writing do you need to improve upon
to earn a score of 5 or better.
• Do you think you are ready to write an analysis paper of
your own? Why?