Medieval Christian Monks
• Understand the role of Christian monks in preserving and
creating illuminated manuscripts in scriptoria
• Examine the layout of a medieval monastery
1
9th C. ms. And 20th C.
model
St. Gall, Switzerland
11-19B Abbey of
Saint-Riquier,
Centula, France,
790–799, in an
engraving of 1612
after a lost 11thcentury
manuscript
illumination.
3
Figure 11-20
Westwork of
the abbey
church, Corvey,
Germany, 873–
4
Abbey church of St.
Pantaleon
Cologne, Germany
Torhalle (gatehouse)
Lorsch, Germany
9th century
Ottonian Art (10th century Germany)
• Examine the architecture associated with the Ottonians,
its formal origins and its later influence.
• Understand the architectural and free standing sculptural
traditions of the Ottonians.
• Compare and contrast Ottonian and Carolingian art
• Examine the styles of the Ottonian illuminated
manuscripts.
• Charlemagne’s ineffective grandsons divided the empire into three
parts.
• This caused the exponential growth of feudalism
• Weakened Empire was left vulnerable to invasions.
• German ruler, Otto I, married the Lombard king’s widow, ruled over
much of Italy and was crowned emperor by the pope.
– This led to years of continued conflict with the papacy and local
8
Architecture of the Ottonians
• Examine the architecture, its formal origins and its later
influence.
9
Figure 11-21
Nave of the
church of Saint
Cyriakus,
Gernrode,
10
Figure 11-22 Saint Michael’s,
Hildesheim, Germany, 1001–
1031.
11
Figure
11-23
Longitudi
nal
section
(top) and
plan
(bottom)
of the
abbey
12
11-23A Nave (looking east) of
Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim,
1001–1031.
13
Abbey Church of St.
Michael’s
Hildesheim, Germany
ca. 1001-1031
Ottonian Sculpture
• Understand the architectural sculpture associated with St.
Michael’s at Hildesheim, Germany.
• Examine the free standing sculptural traditions of the
Ottonians.
15
Figure 11-24 Doors
with relief panels
(Genesis, left door;
life of Christ, right
door), commissioned
by Bishop Bernward
for Saint Michael’s,
16
11-25 God accusing Adam and
Eve, detail of the left door of
Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim,
Germany, 1015. Bronze, 1’ 10
17
11-26 Otto I presenting Magdeburg
Cathedral to Christ, from Magdeburg
Cathedral, Magdeburg, Germany, 962–
968. Ivory, 5” X 4 1/2". Metropolitan
18
Figure 11-24A Column
with reliefs illustrating
the life of Christ,
commissioned by
Bishop Bernward for
Saint Michael’s,
19
11-27 Christ blessing Otto II and
Theophanu, 972–973. Ivory, 7 1/8” X
4”. Musée National du Moyen Age,
20
Gero for
Cologne
Cathedral,
Germany, ca.
970. Painted
wood, height
of figure 6’ 2”.
Cathedral,
Cologne.
21
Ottonian Illuminated Manuscripts
• Examine the appearance of the Ottonian illuminated
manuscripts.
• Notice the golden backgrounds and linear figural styles in
Ottonian illuminated manuscripts --- Ottonian leaders
developed significant contacts with the Byzantine empire.
22
Figure 1129 Otto III
enthroned,
folio 24
recto of the
Gospel
Book of
Otto III,
from
Reichenau,
Germany,
23
Figure 11-30
Annunciation
to the
Shepherds,
folio in the
Lectionary of
Henry II, from
Reichenau,
Germany,
24
11-31 Abbess Uta dedicating her
codex to the Virgin, folio 2 recto
of the Uta Codex, from
Regensburg, Germany, ca. 1025.
Tempera on parchment, 9 5/8” X
25
11-29A Jesus washing the feet of
Saint Peter, folio 237 recto of the
Gospel Book of Otto III, 997–
1000. Tempera on vellum, 1’ 1” X
9 3/8”. Bayerische
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Discussion Questions
 In what ways did medieval European art and architecture
depart from classical Roman art and architecture? Did
any of the civilizations retain characteristics of Roman art
and architecture? Explain.
 Compare the three major manuscript styles that
developed in the Middle Ages.
 What previous styles of art influenced medieval
European art?
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