USB 2.0 Controller
Anush Rengarajan
Feng Zheng
Thomas Madaelil
Scope of Project
 Implement USB 2.0 Controller
 Based on EHCI(Enhanced Host Controller Interface)
specification and ULPI (UTMI+ Low Pin Interface)
 USB 1.1 not supported.
 Driver
 Basic driver to test memory interface.
EHCI
 Intel Spec for USB 2.0 Controllers
 Used in PCs
 Standardizes the Communication between Host Software and
Controller
 Software emulated Root Hub
ULPI
 Based on UTMI (USB 2.0 Transceiver Marcocell Interface)
specification
 Low pin count interface to PHY.
 Standardizes interface between host controllers and external
PHY.
Block Diagram
Request Descriptor
Parse
Descriptor
PHY
Interaction
Post Process
Transaction
Division of Work
 Anush – Internal memories and interaction with ARM
processor, driver
 Tom – Data Layer, combine IP
 Feng – Protocol Layer
Device Driver
 Device Driver is a bare bone driver which initializes memory
with data needed for the Hub Controller
 Not much progress was made with this as there were issues
in debugging the design mapped to FPGA
 Used Device Driver to stimulate part of the design by using
memory mapped Registers in FPGA
Device Driver contd.
 The Transfer Descriptor Data needed by the Controller is
initialized by the Device Driver in the Memory Block
mapped into the FPGA
Queue Head Array
 This Structure maintains the Queue Head Transfer
Descriptor
 The Size of the Queue Head Transfer descriptors are 64 bytes
 Implemented as 16 entry array with each entry being 4 bytes
Transfer Descriptor Array
 This Structure maintains the Isochronous or the Split
Isochronous Transfer Descriptor
 The Size of this array is 64 bytes to accommodate the entire
Descriptor
 Implemented as 16 entry array with each entry being 4 bytes
Data Buffers
 There are 2 Data Buffers implemented to facilitate the Data
Transfer to and from the Hub Controller
 Each Data Buffer is 1024 bytes to accommodate the
maximum Data Transfer Size
 These are implemented using the FPGA RAM Blocks
Data Buffers contd.
 Data Buffer In gets the data from the Protocol Layer and
transfers the data to the memory
 Data Buffer Out transfers the data from the memory to the
Protocol Layer
 These buffers are instantiated as RAM Block with the aspect
ratio of 512 x 32 bits
Data Layer
 Interacts between Protocol and Software
Data Layer
Protocol Layer
 Token Packet (Header defining what it expects to follow), an
 Optional Data Packet, (Containing the payload) and a
 Status Packet (Used to acknowledge transactions and to provide
a means of error correction)
Protocol Layer (Common USB Packet Fields)
 Sync - All packets must start with a sync field. The sync field is 8 bits
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long at low and full speed or 32 bits long for high speed and is used to
synchronise the clock of the receiver with that of the transmitter.
PID - Packet ID. This field is used to identify the type of packet that is
being sent.
ADDR - The address field specifies which device the packet is
designated for. Being 7 bits in length allows for 127 devices to be
supported.
ENDP -The endpoint field is made up of 4 bits, allowing 16 possible
endpoints. Low speed devices, however can only have 2 additional
endpoints on top of the default pipe.
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Checks are performed on the data within
the packet payload. All token packets have a 5 bit CRC while data
packets have a 16 bit CRC.
EOP - End of packet.
Protocol Layer
Protocol Layer (Token Packet Fields)
 In - Informs the USB device that the host wishes to read information.
 Out - Informs the USB device that the host wishes to send information.
 Setup - Used to begin control transfers.
 Start of Frame Packets -The SOF packet consisting of an 11-bit
frame number is sent by the host every 1ms ± 500ns on a full speed bus
or every 125 µs ± 0.0625 µs on a high speed bus.
Sync
PID
ADDR
00000001 10100101 0000100
ENDP
CRC5
EOP
0111
10100
XX1
Protocol Layer (Data Packet, Handshake)
 Data0, Data1, (DATA2 and MDATA.)
 Maximum data payload size for high-speed devices is 1024 bytes.
Data must be sent in multiples of bytes.
Sync
PID
Data
CRC16
EOP
00000001
11000011
00000000100000000100000011000000
1111011101011110
XX1
ACK - Acknowledgment that the packet has been successfully received.
NAK - Reports that the device temporary cannot send or received data.
Also used during interrupt transactions to inform the host there is no
data to send.
STALL - The device finds its in a state that it requires intervention from
the host.
Sync
PID
EOP
00000001
00101101
XX1
Results / Future Work
 Tested and synthesized individual blocks
 Requires Split transaction
 Interface between USB controller and the PHY, or
transceivers, that drives the actual bus
 USB controller should operate Full/Low speed devices to
meet 2.0 spec.
Back up
Lessons Learned
 Create written specification for inter-module communication
of blocks early in design
 Xilinx Synthesis quirkiness with Array Design . Initially the
Array was Synthesized as flops which took for ever !!!
Example Transaction( make a picture?)
 Data Layer sends request to local memory controller to
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load transaction descriptor from memory
Once descriptor is loaded, data layer parses descriptor and
sends transaction data to protocol layer
Protocol layer takes transaction data and interacts with phy
via ULPI interface
Protocol returns transactions status to data layer for post
processing
Data layer post processes data and requests local memory
controller to write data to memory