Mar 28 ~ Announcements~
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Engineering professor, Dr. Jay Pembridge, looking for transcription and
coding for a research project on teaching expertise.
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$10/hr, up to 20 hrs/week (depends on your availability and number of students)
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On campus at first, then at home okay if necessary
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Send me resume if you’re interested
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Start this summer, continue into Fall
Any more resumes for HSI, Inc?
Friday April 11 is the Human Factors and Applied Psychology (HFAP)
conference. Homework assignment is to attend three talks or the keynote
speech and turn in brief commentaries on each talk attended.
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If you attend additional talks and turn in a commentary for them, that will count
as extra credit.
Project questions?
High-Level Concept Representations
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“Fusion View” – Department of Defense Deputy CIO
(http://dodcio.defense.gov/dodaf20/dodaf20_fusion.aspx)
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OV-1 / Operational View-1 Diagram of the Systems Engineering
formalisms SysML, UML, DoDAF
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Simplification of your concept
 Can draw attention to the benefits and innovations
 Help a team achieve a shared understanding of their concept
 Help communicate design concept to broader audience
What might the OV-1 Diagram
for this class look like?
Personnel Accountability and Tracking
System (PATS)
seor.gmu.edu/projects/.../PATS/FinalReport.doc
What might the OV-1 Diagram
for this class look like?
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Designers are researchers
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Designs are hypotheses
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about what might be useful
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about how technology shapes cognition and
collaboration
- David Woods,
1998
Woods’ requirements for
supporting cognitive work
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Primary requirements:
 Support coordination
 Support resilience
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Design requirements that support coordination
and resilience:
 Observability/Visibility
 Directability
 Support for directing attention
 Support for shifting perspectives
How do you know…
 What
cues matter?
 What
needs to be known or learnable?
 What
boundaries to present?
 What
controls handle the variety in the
environment?
 What
navigation strategies to support?
 What
humans will expect?
 What
is too much user support?
Collect Data; Evolve Design
How do you know…
 What
cues matter?
 What
needs to be known or learnable?
 What
boundaries to present?
 What
controls handle the variety in the
environment?
 What
navigation strategies to support?
Collect Data;
 What is too much user support?
Evolve Design
 What
humans will expect?
Chou, E., Venkatraman, V., Larson,
K., Li, Y., Gibson, M., & Lee, J.D.
(2014). Contextual design of a
motivated medication
management device.
Ergonomics in Design: The
Quarterly of Human Factors
Applications, 22, 8-15.
Contextual Design Approach
 The
flow model describes the roles, responsibilities, and
communication among stakeholders of the work.
 The
sequence model exposes the order of tasks and activities.
 The
artifact model illustrates the tools used or modified
during work.
 The
cultural model depicts the social influences of the
workplace.
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The physical model outlines the visible layout and movement
of work.
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Chou et al., 2014, p. 10
To collect the data, we employed contextual inquiry, an
interview-like activity based on the master–apprentice
framework; designers approach the interview as
apprentices and watch and learn from the user, who is
the “master craftsman”. (Chou et al., 2014, p. 9)
This approach enabled the design team to observe
medication management as it occurred within older
adults’ daily routines. More important, participants
verbalized their intents at each step, which provided the
research team with valuable insight. (Chou et al., 2014, p. 9)
N=4 (6-10 recommended by Beyer & Holtzblatt [1988])
A thematic analysis using an affinity diagram
The Paper Prototype Used for Testing
Chou et al., 2014, p. 13
The Digital Prototype