Urban Settlement
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Urban Settlement
• Urbanization - the process by which an
area changes from being rural to being
urban. It includes a great increase in
population density and includes
expansion of urban functions like
manufacturing and services
Urban Settlement
• Urbanization occurred because of
changes in the economy
-
agricultural machinery was developed
More jobs were created
Rural residents moved into the towns
Immigrants moved to cities
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Urban Settlement
The Growth of an Urban Place
The four main reasons that contributed to a
city’s growth are:
1. Manufacturing - manufacturing made
sense because there were raw materials
(mainly agricultural) that could be used.
Markets were also interested in buying the
products of the factories - some of these
customers were local and others were
outside the area and received it by rail
Urban Settlement
2. Transportation - railways were
constructed and allowed people to
move to and from the town. It also
encouraged the growth of
manufacturing
Urban Settlement
3. Resource Use - clay and mineral deposits
led directly to the existence of a town or city.
The multiplier effect is a result - ie. a new
brick factory opens and employs 100
workers. These workers and their families
need housing, schools, stores, banks,
restaurants, medical facilities, and other
services. In order to supply these, perhaps
900 other workers and their families would
come to live in the rapidly growing city. As a
result 1200 people would be added to the
population because of the 100 jobs opening
up in the new factory.
Urban Settlement
• Service Centre - there is a hierarchy of
urban services. A small town will offer a
grocery store, a post office, an elementary
school. A larger town will offer shopping, a
hospital, and a high school. Very large cities
will offer television production, large
universities, specialized hospitals, and
entertainments (sports teams or opera
companies)
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Urban Hierarchy
There has been significant movement of people in
Canada between urban and rural areas over time.In
most cases, people in rural areas live in a hamlet,
village, or town. People in urban areas live in a
suburb, city, or metropolis. These different types of
places to live are known as the urban hierarchy
(each one is a larger settlement going up the line
than the one before it).
Urban Settlement
hamlet
village
town
suburb
city
metropolis
Urban Settlement
Urbanization is the movement of people UP the urban hierarchy.
Counter-urbanization is the movement of people DOWN the
urban hierarchy (metropolis→ hamlet). While our cities are still
getting larger, some people are choosing to move away from
cities.
•In general, there are now three categories of people living in
rural areas.
– Newcomers - retain ties to urban core, younger, well
educated, well off, managers/professionals
– Homecomers - young families returning to provide rural
upbringing to children
– Ruralites – have never lived in an urban core
Urban Settlement
Why are people leaving the cities to live in
smaller towns and villages?
– health issues, security,
“community”
– “back to nature” movement
(desire to live in the country)
– increase in telecommuting
(less need to be at an office)
– cheaper land and house
prices
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