Review of Flower Formula:
Crassula argentea - the jade plant
Ranunculus - buttercup
Review:
What is the flower formula?
Lilium tigrinum - tiger lily
What is the flower formula
for this plant?
The strange lateral buds are called bulbils.
These are shed as a means of vegetative
propagation
Adaptations for Pollination
Attraction
Visual Cues: Color, Shape, Size
Olfactory Cues: Scent, Odor
Reward
Nectar: Sucrose, Water, Amino Acids
Pollen: Vitamins, Minerals, Protein
Behavior: Recreational Motivation!
Attraction: Visual Bull’s Eye
Hemerocallis - day lily
Rudbeckia hirta - black-eyed Susan
Black and White Image - minus red
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Gaillardia grandiflora - Indian blanket flower
Standard Black and White Image = all colors
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Black and White Image - UV only
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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Nectar
Guides
Nice scent too!
Osmophores: release scent as
alternate attractant
Sometimes the scent is the reward…
A behavioral reward!
QuickTi me™ and a
T IFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see thi s pi cture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
http://www.orchidrhoen.de/Bitmaps/34%20Ophrys%20ins
ectifera.jpg
http://ibelgique.ifrance.com/ophrys/insc1.jpg
http://guenther.blaich.bei.t-online.de/argoins.htm
Ophrys insectifera with pollinator Argogorytes mystaceus
Bergstrm, G. (1978) Role of volatile chemicals in Ophrys-pollinator interactions In Biochemical Aspects of
Plant and Animal Coevolution (J. B. Harborne, ed.), Academic Press, London.
Beetles as pollinators: lousy flight accuracy, heavy feeding
Target is large
Alternate entry
Heavy flower parts
Pollen load is heavy
Fantasy Island…
Or
Nightmare Island?
Hovering Birds and Sequence!
Perching Birds
Same Sequence
Stiff-Leaf Perches!
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Asclepias - Milkweed and Monarchs
Kalmia - mountain laurel
Nectar spur: a pouch containing
phloem exudate
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/cryptozoo/dossiers/xanthopan.jpg
Darwin described an orchid,
Angraecum sesquipedale from
Madagascar with an 11.5-inch
nectar spur!
He predicted that there would be
a pollinating animal with 11.5-in
mouthparts to drink the nectar,
but never found the animal.
Much later (1903), Xanthopan
morgani predicta, its pollinator
was found with an 11.5-inch
siphon!
Wind Pollination: Corn (Zea mays)
Male flowers in the tassel
Huge numbers of small, dry pollen
grains, shed from high on plant.
Perianth small, greenish, no nectar
Female flowers in ear
Long, sticky, hairy stigmas = silk
Ross’ Rogues Gallery
Flowers that Horticulture has turned
into what I consider to be hideous
monsters!
Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation
Rosa floribunda - rose
Malus domestica - apple
Gaillardia grandiflora Indian blanket flower
Hemerocallis - daylily