Individual Risk Factors
Frank Kline
Characteristics Personal
Responses
• Blaming the victim
Characteristics Personal
Responses
• Blaming the victim
– Double jeopardy
Characteristics Personal
Responses
• Blaming the victim
– Double jeopardy
– Fail to recognize condition and impact
Characteristics Personal
Responses
• Blaming the victim
– Double jeopardy
– Fail to recognize condition and impact
– Behavior choices and at risk
Characteristics Personal
Responses
• Blaming the victim
– Double jeopardy
– Fail to recognize condition and impact
– Behavior choices and at risk
– Society’s responsibility?
More Helpful Responses
• Look for solutions
More Helpful Responses
• Look for solutions
• Maintain expectations
More Helpful Responses
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Look for solutions
Maintain expectations
Find the root cause
Help deal with consequences
Conditions Placing Individuals
at Risk
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Self-concept
Daydreaming and lack of motivation
Self destructive behavior
Chronic illnesses
Learning Disabilities
Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• Behavioral Disorders
Self-concept
• Tremendous impact on life
Self-concept
• Tremendous impact on life
– cognitive development
Self-concept
• Tremendous impact on life
– cognitive development
– social development
– social well-being
Self-concept
• Tremendous impact on life
– cognitive development
– social development
– social well-being
• Accumulates from daily life experiences
– information about degree of self-worth
– same sources may both increase and lower
sense of self-worth
Self-concept
• Tremendous impact on life
– cognitive development
– social development
– social well-being
• Accumulates from daily life experiences
– information about degree of self-worth
– same sources may both increase and lower sense of self-worth
• Relationship to other conditions
– is an “at-risk” condition in and of itself
– contributes to intensity of other “at-risk” conditions
Daydreaming and Lack of
Motivation
• Assessment--is the learner really
unmotivated? If so, why?
Daydreaming and Lack of
Motivation
• Assessment--is the learner really
unmotivated? If so, why?
• Hierarchy of needs
Daydreaming and Lack of
Motivation
• Assessment--is the learner really
unmotivated? If so, why?
• Hierarchy of needs
• Relevance
– In the eye of the beholder
– Comes from perceived goal overlap
Self Destructive Behaviors and
Accidents
• Suicide
– Gender difference, genetics, inter-related causes
– Role of guns in suicide
Self Destructive Behaviors and
Accidents
• Suicide
– Gender difference, genetics, inter-related causes
– Role of guns in suicide
• Accidents
– Death
• More than half of all deaths between 10 & 19!
• Of those, nearly three-fourths vehicle-related
• About one fourth of all fatally injured drivers are drunk
Self Destructive Behaviors and
Accidents
• Suicide
– Gender difference, genetics, inter-related causes
– Role of guns in suicide
• Accidents
– Death
• More than half of all deaths between 10 & 19!
• Of those, nearly three-fourths vehicle-related
• About one fourth of all fatally injured drivers are drunk
– Injury
• Academic impact from days missed, permanent disability,
restricted activities
Chronic Illnesses
Chronic Illnesses
• Attendance
Chronic Illnesses
• Attendance
• Performance
Chronic Illnesses
• Attendance
• Performance
• Treatment effects
Chronic Illnesses
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Attendance
Performance
Treatment effects
Socioemotional issues
Chronic Illnesses
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Attendance
Performance
Treatment effects
Socioemotional issues
School personnel attitudes
Chronic Illnesses
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Attendance
Performance
Treatment effects
Socioemotional issues
School personnel attitudes
Parent attitudes
Learning Disabilities
• Definition
Learning Disabilities
• Definition
• Providing information
Learning Disabilities
• Definition
• Providing information
• School responsibility
Learning Disabilities
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Definition
Providing information
School responsibility
Use of the Individual Educational
Plan (IEP)
Attention Deficit
Disorder/Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADD/ADHD
Attention Deficit
Disorder/Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADD/ADHD
• Definition
– Hyperactivity
Attention Deficit
Disorder/Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADD/ADHD
• Definition
– Hyperactivity
– Inattention
Attention Deficit
Disorder/Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADD/ADHD
• Definition
– Hyperactivity
– Inattention
– Impulsivity
Attention Deficit
Disorder/Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADD/ADHD
• Definition
– Hyperactivity
– Inattention
– Impulsivity
• Diagnosis
Attention Deficit
Disorder/Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADD/ADHD
• Definition
– Hyperactivity
– Inattention
– Impulsivity
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
Attention Deficit
Disorder/Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADD/ADHD
• Definition
– Hyperactivity
– Inattention
– Impulsivity
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Educator’s role
Behavioral Disorders
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct
Disorder
• Anxiety Disorders
• Mood Disorders
Behavioral Disorders
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct Disorder
– Behaviors include aggression, stealing and
vandalism
Behavioral Disorders
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct Disorder
– Behaviors include aggression, stealing and
vandalism
– Central Feature is a defiant and hostile attitude and
pattern of behavior directed toward authority
– Academic underachievement is usual
– Higher rate of aggression, tardiness, insubordination
and other rule violations
Behavioral Disorders
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct Disorder
– Behaviors include aggression, stealing and
vandalism
– Central Feature is a defiant and hostile attitude and
pattern of behavior directed toward authority
– Academic underachievement is usual
– Higher rate of aggression, tardiness, insubordination
and other rule violations
– Treatment can involve psychosocial and
pharmacological components.
Behavioral Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders
– Physical symptoms include nausea, sweating,
or various vague complaints
Behavioral Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders
– Physical symptoms include nausea, sweating,
or various vague complaints
– Treatments include systematic
desensitization, prolonged exposure,
modeling, contingency management, etc.
Behavioral Disorders
• Mood Disorders
– Often occur in combination with other
disorders
– Treatments include cognitive and
pharmacological interventions
Other At-Risk Characteristics
• Eating Disorders
Other At-Risk Characteristics
• Eating Disorders
• Truancy
Other At-Risk Characteristics
• Eating Disorders
• Truancy
• Cultural and Ethnic Differences
Other At-Risk Characteristics
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Eating Disorders
Truancy
Cultural and Ethnic Differences
Shyness and Withdrawal
Other At-Risk Characteristics
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Eating Disorders
Truancy
Cultural and Ethnic Differences
Shyness and Withdrawal
Underachievement
Other At-Risk Characteristics
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Eating Disorders
Truancy
Cultural and Ethnic Differences
Shyness and Withdrawal
Underachievement
Peer Pressure
Individual Resilience
• Organic integrity
Individual Resilience
• Organic integrity X Environmental Facilitation
Summary
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Self-concept
Daydreaming and lack of motivation
Self destructive behavior
Chronic illnesses
Learning Disabilities
Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder
• Behavioral Disorders
• Other Conditions